Zhu Di, Emperor Yongle of the Ming Dynasty, moved his capital from Nanjing to Beijing and built a new palace in Beijing. This palace was copied and pasted completely according to the Nanjing Palace. This Ming Palace in Beijing is now the Palace Museum. The Ming Palace in Nanjing had a royal palace first, and then an imperial city. The Ming Palace and the imperial city in Beijing were built together. There are also palaces on the east and west sides of the imperial palace in Beijing's Imperial City. This is also in accordance with the regulations of the Ming Palace in Nanjing. These two palaces are called Xiyuan and Dongyuan. The Xiyuan is now Zhongnanhai, and the Dongyuan no longer exists.

Xiyuan is the emperor's playground. There is water inside, which is huge. There is no water in the east garden, and the emperor is relaxing in it. Dongyuan began to have a Hongqing Palace, also called Nangong. Zhu Di built it as the Prince's Palace. I wonder if Zhu Di's son Zhu Gaochi once lived here. In fact, this place was originally inhabited by Zhu Di's grandson Zhu Zhanji. It should be called the Imperial Sun Palace. Because this Nangong is the Prince's Palace, it is also called Chonghua Palace, which is derived from "Shun Dian","Shun can succeed Yao and value the brilliance of his literary virtue." The "heavy" meaning of Chunghua is heavy, not repetitive. Emperor Qianlong of the Qing Dynasty followed this idea and called the Second Western Building of the Palace where he lived when he was a prince, Chonghua Palace after being rebuilt.

According to both official and unofficial historical records, after Zhu Gaochi's son Zhu Zhanji, Zhu Gaochi's grandson Zhu Qizhen, the legitimate emperor of Ming Yingzong, did live in this Nangong. In the 14th year of Zhengtong (1449 AD), Emperor Yingzong of the Ming Dynasty personally invaded the Wara Tribe in Mongolia. During this period, he was trapped by the eunuch Wang Zhen and was kidnapped by the Wara Army during the Tumu Mutiny. The country cannot be without a monarch for a day. Zhu Qiyu, the half-brother of Zhu Qizhen, was entrusted with the important task of emperor. He was the heir of Emperor Jingtai in the Ming Dynasty and was the deputy heir. A year later, the Wala people released Zhuqi Town for free. His brother Zhu Qiyu was very unhappy when he saw his brother coming back. He said to the ministers,"You appointed me as the emperor. When he comes back, he can only become the emperor." After saying this, he imprisoned Zhu Qi in the Nangong Palace of Dongyuan. It is said that the wall and door were closed firmly, so a small hole was left inside to deliver rice. The hole was so small that only noodles could be slipped in one piece, and the steamed buns had to be broken into dregs and stuffed in. This is the word "dregs". Seven years later, in the eighth year of Jingtai (1457 AD), Zhu Qiyu suffered a stroke and fell to bed. Zhu Qizhen, surrounded by his old subordinates, launched the Nangong Rebellion and re-ascended the Hall of Supreme Harmony and returned to the throne of Emperor Yingzong of the Ming Dynasty. After Emperor Yingzong of the Ming Dynasty returned to the palace, he banished the Ming Dynasty to Xiyuan. Within two months, Zhu Qiyu, the Ming Dynasty patriarch, died. Zhu Qiyu failed to bury himself in the Tianshou Mountain Imperial Mausoleum in Changping, but went to the Jinshan Pass of Yuquan Mountain and built a royal tomb there.

Several generations later, it was Zhu Houji's turn to become the Jiajing emperor of the Ming Dynasty. He liked alchemy, so he wanted to find a quiet place outside the palace to secretly refine private pills. The traitor Yan Song slandered Nangong Qingjing. When Emperor Jiajing saw that Yan Song asked him to go to the unlucky place where his ancestors were imprisoned, he became wary of Yan Song from then on. Finally, I found someone to report Yan Song for violating the law and discipline, and Yan Song was punished.

During the Ming Dynasty, since Emperor Yingzong of the Ming Dynasty lived there after suffering, Nangong had been unpopular with the Ming Emperor of the Ming Dynasty, and it went into depression. In addition to Nangong, Dongyuan also has an imperial history building built during the Jiajing period. It is a masonry hall with no beams and arches. It stores royal historical materials in the Ming Dynasty. At the end of the Ming Dynasty, King Li Zicheng invaded Beijing, occupied the imperial palace, and worked in Wuying Hall. Within a few days, the office could not continue. He set fire to the imperial city and then ran west. One of these fires was set in Dongyuan, which was destroyed.

When the Qing army entered the pass, Dorgun protected Emperor Shunzhi Fulin and Empress Dowager Xiaozhuang into the palace to live. At this time, Fulin was still young, so the Empress Dowager asked Dorgen to take charge of the government affairs first. The regent King Dorgon has a famous name called Prince Rui. In order to facilitate regent and visit Xiaozhuang's mother and son in the palace, Dorgon led his personal soldiers to clean up the fire scene in Nangong, Dongyuan, built his Prince Rui's Mansion on the ruins of Nangong, and rebuilt the main hall in Nangong where Emperor Mingying had originally slept. into a bedroom hall. In the seventh year of Shunzhi (1650 AD), Dorgun led his troops out of Gubeikou to hunt wild boars in Bashang. Unfortunately, he was injured, died and died. They said that Dorgon fell from a horse and died, but according to secret reports, the guard's strong crossbow actually shot Dorgon in the heel and died. At first, Shunzhi was okay with Dorgon's death, awarding him the title of Emperor Chengjing and posthumous title of Qing Chengzong. But not long after, someone reported Dorgon's many crimes of treason under real name. Shunzhi recovered his noble title and dug up his grave and dumped his body. Of course, Prince Rui's Mansion was also confiscated. During the Kangxi years, the abandoned Prince Rui's Mansion was transformed into a Lama Temple. It was not until a hundred years later, in the forty-third year of Qianlong (1778 AD), that Emperor Qianlong completely rehabilitated Dorgon and rebuilt the original Ruiwang Mansion Lama Temple into Pudu Temple.

Although Xiyuan was rebuilt in the Qing Dynasty, Dongyuan was not rebuilt. After Duergun's Rui Mansion, Dongyuan became the royal warehouse in the Qing Dynasty. In addition to the archives of Emperor Shi, which was used in the Ming Dynasty, it also built a satin warehouse, a lantern warehouse, and a porcelain warehouse. Dongyuan retained the imperial history of the Ming Dynasty in the Qing Dynasty, and Nangong was transformed into Pudu Temple. In the early Qing Dynasty, a small temple was built on the east side of Huangshi Temple, called Pusheng Temple. There are the only two horizontal merit steles in Beijing in Pusheng Temple, which are extremely rare. One is the stele of Shunzhi Temple Construction, and the other is the stele of Qianlong Restoration, which is now the Five Pagoda Temple in the north of the Zoo. Why at the Five Pagoda Temple? Because Pusheng Temple no longer exists, it was transformed into the current European and American Alumni Association in 1915.

Dongyuan in the Ming Dynasty gradually withered in the Qing Dynasty and became a royal warehouse. During the Republic of China, officials from all walks of life entered and occupied houses. High officials in the Republic of China all lived in various royal palaces in the Qing Dynasty, while small officials found their own residences in various parts of the city. After New China, these officials from the Republic of China all went where they should go, and their residences were all captured. In the Ming Dynasty, some army chiefs and local leaders came to live here in Dongyuan. Now, when you walk on Nanchizi Street, you can see some courtyards with garages, which are not street homes. In recent years, Pudu Temple has been renovated to some extent, but it is now reopened. Residents around are allowed to play in it free of charge. Mothers are sitting under the tree and knitting sweaters. I went in and took a look last time, but the gate and main hall were still there. The main hall can be opened for people to visit when there are exhibitions. The main hall was rebuilt after Qianlong rehabilitated Dorgon, and it is still in the Qing Dynasty style. The mountain gate dates from the Kangxi period and is similar to other small Qing Dynasty temples in the capital, such as Songzhu Temple on North Street of Honglou Beach, Peking University.

The ancient Chinese urban pattern originated from the Lifang system in the Xia and Shang Dynasties. Chang 'an City reached its peak in the Sui and Tang Dynasties and can still be seen in some ancient villages in Shanxi. Later, the urban layout during the Northern Song Dynasty evolved from the Lifang system to the street system, which has been used to this day. During the Ming and Qing Dynasties, there were still streets and alleys preserved and repaired. See Fuzhou's Three Flights and Seven Alley. I once visited it. Old Beijing City has a classic street layout, and the Ming Dynasty Dongyuan outside Donghua Gate is certainly no exception. Even if there were renovations in the Qing Dynasty, random construction in the Republic of China, and Huta in recent decades, we can still see the shadows of the streets and alleys of old Beijing. Alleys in Beijing are also called hutongs. Place names such as Nanchizi Street, Pudu Temple Front Lane, Duanku Hutong, and Ciqiku Hutong can also be seen around Donghuamen Gate, including streets and alleys. The south end of Nanchizi Street is East Chang 'an Street, and there used to be an East Gate on Chang' an Street on the west side of the intersection. On the east side of the intersection of Nanchang Street on the west side of the Forbidden City is the West Gate of Chang 'an. The name of Chang 'an Street comes from these two Chang' an Gates, which were demolished in the 1950s. In the documentary "Founding Ceremony", you can also see the image of troops participating in the military parade walking through the Chang 'an East Gate.

Get off from Tiananmen East Station on Metro Line 1, go north along Nanchizi Street to the Dongyuan of the past Ming Dynasty. You can see a sign on the front alley of Pudu Temple on the east side of the road, and you can visit Pudu Temple on the inside. Then go north and you will see a sign for Pudu Temple West Lane on the east side of the road. You walk into this alley and turn north to see a small wall door on the west wall.

This is the "Nanchizi Art Museum" that I am going to visit today. It is hidden in the downtown area and hidden in the city. This art museum has also been renovated in recent years. Like the main hall of Pudu Temple next to it, it is not open at ordinary times and only opens when there are exhibitions. What is currently being held inside is the "Tiandao Youming: Taixiangzhou Ink Painting Exhibition", which will end on September 20. The small door above never opens. If you get a reservation ticket for an art exhibition, you can go up and ring the doorbell. The door will open, and a beautiful woman will appear inside. Brick doors and stone doorframes, chessboard doors and brass leaves, old-fashioned door rings, low-key and simple. There is no gate pier, which means that this is only a side door, not a gate. There is "certain stream" engraved on the lintel. The word was really unclear and might represent the Zhuang family name, so I didn't want it to be made public. The word "jian" means that there is water inside. Don't think blindly, the water inside is definitely not the "pool" in Nanchizi.

Go in and have a look, and you can have a panoramic view of all the scenery in the garden at a glance. There is a pool of clear water in the garden. According to the ancient saying that a circle was a pool and a square was a swamp, this should be called a fish swamp. According to the shape of Beijing courtyard houses, several houses were built around Yuzhuang.

To the north is the main room, to the east is a wing room and to the west is a corridor, and to the south is an inverted room. Looking at the front of the north house, it has three rooms wide and one room deep. There are four four-floor doors in the light, and there are sill walls and windows in the east and west rooms. There is an eaves corridor in front, and under the porch columns and the horizontal beams are hollow woodcuts without cloud piers. Above it is a hard mountain top with a grey tile roll shed with a beam lifting structure. You can see behind it there is also a grey tile single eaves resting mountain top with a Qing-style kiss. There is a white stone small moon platform in front of the house near the water, with a circle of woodcut Buddhist staff railings. The columns, arches, and beams are all painted with black paint, which is very illustrative. The room of this main room is very large, much larger than the private house, but not as big as the room of the main room of the palace; the black paint on the pillars is different from the royal red paint and the green paint of the palace. This shows that the owner of this courtyard should be below the provincial and ministerial level, and in the Qing Dynasty, it was approximately equivalent to the prefect of Daotai.

Enter the North Room.

It turned out that this was an inside and outside house, with a shrine in the middle partitioned off, and there were moon doors on both sides of the shrine. Look up the front room.

The beam structure is lifted, and the light is exposed. Look in the back room again.

Above it is the Pingqi ceiling, the white board has no pictures, and there are neither cranes nor peonies. The top should be the single-eaves mountain top seen from the outside, and the inner and outer houses should be a roof connected with a double roof.

The main room is the main hall of this exhibition. On the north wall is a set of eight fan screens "Parallel Universe III". It is relatively rare, but four screens are common. On the back of the shrine is the long picture of this exhibition,"Heaven and Darkness".

There are auspicious woodcuts on the shrine and the Moon Gate. Look at the one below, the woodcuts on the side of the shrine.

There are five magpies on the plum blossom tree. These are called "Happy Eyes" and are extremely auspicious.

There is an ear room on the east side of the main room, with staff inside. I don't know if the painter himself is inside, but I can stand up in the main room at any time, compare painting skills with the audience, and discuss the ink-wash cosmology.

After leaving the North House, you can stroll and sway along the veranda on your right.

Look inside and outside the west corridor.

Just as he exited the north house door, he entered the deep west corridor. If you can put wine under the west corridor, wait until the moon cup reaches more than ten thousand, and send it to the gods with a towel and stick.

There is a window in the corridor facing inward. Please enjoy the scenery.

Outside are frosted glass windows to prevent thieves from peeping.

Bananas, apples, yali pears, and an octopus were painted on this window. The next window must be painted with cigarettes, foreign fire, osmanthus candy, and a pangolin.

There is an open pavilion in the middle of the verandah.

There is a door on the west wall behind Changxuan.

That means that behind this door is the main courtyard of the owner's house, and here is the owner's east garden. Although most private gardens are behind the main courtyard, it is not impossible to build them on the east and west sides. Standing in the open pavilion and looking across, there is the east wing.

The east wing is similar to the main room, with three rooms wide and one room deep. It has a beam lifting structure and gray tiles rolling shed on a hard mountain top. A partition door is opened in the bright room, and a partition wall is opened in the secondary room. The specifications of the east wing will definitely be lower than the main room, with a slightly smaller bay. There is no eaves in front of it, and of course there is no platform.

Look at the south room.

The south house, like the north house, is also three rooms wide and one room deep, with gray tiles rolling on the top of the mountain. There is an eaves corridor in front of the north house, but not the south house; there is a platform in front of the north house; and in front of the south house is an open pavilion. The hanging ridge on the roof of this building is different from other places. It is called a roll kill, which is the so-called "crooked corner". This kind of scroll is not commonly used in the north now, but is more common in the south. In fact, it is an ancient architectural element that originated from the Qin and Han Dynasties.

Standing in the south room and looking north.

The south room is also an exhibition room.

Under the opposite east wall is the protagonist of this exhibition room, a Taihu Lake stone.

The exhibition room is created by the painter's appreciation of the stone, with pictures and texts integrated.

China has a stone-appreciating culture since ancient times. The Song Huizong who lost his country was an expert at stone-appreciating. He collected various strange stones from the south to make flower stone nets and transported them to Bianjing to build Yan Yue. Most of these strange stones include porous limestone produced in Taihu Lake, so they are called Taihu Stone. The Jin Dynasty broke through Bianjing and kidnapped not only the two emperors of Huiqin, but also demolished the Wuyue Mountain and transported large quantities of Wuyue Mountain strange stones to Yanjing. The Jin people used these Yuyue stones to build Qionghua Island in Huangyuan outside the city, which is now Beihai Park.

Look at the split window in the south room.

In the garden, except for the main room of the north room, which has three-layer partition windows, the rest are like this. They are called floor-to-floor two-layer partition windows, and the lattice flowers are in the pattern of cloud patterns. The western part of the South House is separated by half a warm pavilion, with a set of traditional Chinese camphor wood wardrobes built on the wall.

Ordinary people often use camphor wood boxes to store valuable clothes that are afraid of insect bites, while wealthy people use camphor wood as wardrobes. In the past, if the chain of funds on hand broke, someone would send a leather coat to a pawnshop for money. The pawnshop manager picked up your leather coat, shook it, and said,"It's a leather coat that's eaten by insects." Your leather jackets were all taken out of camphor wood boxes. There were no insects and mice biting at all. The pawnshop manager said this to lower the price and give you less money.

There is a door in this warm pavilion that leads directly to the west corridor. Look at the door leaf.

Pseudo-yellow sandalwood material is actually elm wood. Brass face leaves have punched cloud patterns on them. This kind of face leaves are called "lead forged face leaves" and are very advanced. In addition to cloud patterns, there are also dragons on the lead-forged leaves in the palace. The method of reinforcing the tenon and mortise connection with face leaves is called locks. The face leaves in the palace are gold-plated, which are called gold lock doors and windows. The ones here are copper locks. Look at the woodcut embossed on the skirt board. There is a river below, a mountain by the river, orchids and lotus flowers at the foot of the mountain, and an eagle sentry on the mountain. It is also extremely auspicious.

Building houses in the garden is just indispensable. If you want to be upgraded, you must have more scenery. You must plant trees in the courtyard, and you must plant locust trees in Beijing.

This locust tree is definitely not planted in the past two years, nor is it from the Qianlong period, but it is still some years old.

An old house sits by the pool, and an ancient locust tree stands behind the house. The sophora flowers fall with the wind, and the water waves in the pool sway past.

Since there is water, there must be lotus.

Summer leaves late lotus flowers, standing beside the swamp pond. I don't admire myself, but I once pity guests.

There is not only an open pavilion on the west corridor, but also a small pavilion. A tree was planted next to the pavilion, and kiwi fruits were grown on the tree. The staff interviewed why this fruit was achieved and said,"Enjoy papaya, but not eat it." It was very strange to see this southern fruit in the capital.

Elegant courtyard is indispensable for stone. There are two types of garden stones in China. One is the Taihu Lake stone mentioned above, which is built up with rocks and mountains. There is also a kind of stone, which can also create a scenery when stacked with stones. There are both types of stones in this garden, some piled in the corners of the house or stacked in the water.

The most majestic mountain ridge in the southeast.

There is a round pavilion on the ridge.

This reminds me of the six-pillar "Near Moon" pavilion in Heyuan, Yangzhou. It is also the location and style.

The Spring Breeze Pavilion on the Spring Breeze Ridge, and the spring breeze blows through the spring light and clear. Listen to the spring rain in the Lairi Pavilion, and bring friends to cook drunk spring love.

The small courtyard of this Nanchizi Art Museum is not as gorgeous as the Wangfu Garden, but it is small and exquisite and does not lose its elegance. There are many Wangfu gardens in Beijing. The garden of Gong Wangfu is very large, and the Chun Wangfu Garden where Soong Ching Ling once lived is also very large; even the Grand View Garden described by Cao Xueqin in "Dream of the Red Chamber" is quite large. I suspect that the former owner of the Nanchizi Art Museum garden was also the division commander and brigade commander under Fu Zuoyi in the past, and he was not a very important official. The garden appears to have been rebuilt, and it is very likely that the main courtyard in the west will still be inhabited. The buildings in the park are very orderly, which is the architectural style and specifications of old Beijing houses, which are different from the Jiangnan garden styles of Su Yang. Not far from here, there used to be a half-acre garden behind the National Art Museum. It was the work of Li Yu, a master gardener, the residence of Jia Hanfu, the governor of Shaanxi during the Kangxi period. It is called a half-acre garden, and it actually covers more than ten acres. After being demolished in the 1980s, it is now reproduced in the Chinese Garden Museum. It is a representative work of northern gardens. The Nanchizi Art Museum here doesn't say how many acres it covers, but it's probably only half an acre. Although the area is not large, there are all kinds of buildings, corridors, pavilions, fish marsh rocks, pine, locust, lotus and plum trees, which complement each other. Although the layout is dense, it is not messy. In short, this Nanchizi Art Museum is also a microcosm of the northern garden and is worth a visit.

The courtyard is quietly sloping in summer, and the green shade is full of spring flowers. In the old days, spring dreams flew across the world.

Swallow under the eaves of dangerous rocks, and frogs chirping in the pond. Let the wine shine on the window screening.