1. The beginning of garden--Tsinghua Garden

The western suburbs of Beijing are dotted with beautiful peaks and diverse terrain.

The water flows freely, springs, lakes and lakes are densely distributed,

Yuquan mountains and rivers flow into Kunming Lake from west to east along the mountains,

Become the largest water surface in the western suburbs.

During the Wanli period of the Ming Dynasty, Li Wei, Marquis of Wuqing, built a large scale construction here.

Built on a grand scale,

Tsinghua Garden, known as the number one garden in Beijing

(The original location is outside the west wall of Peking University, not today's Tsinghua Garden).

After Li Wei died, his descendants inherited the garden.

After the fall of the Ming Dynasty, the garden was destroyed, but it remained on a large scale.

The Xigou Bridge on the north side is a very representative relic of the Ming Dynasty.

It is located in the west gate of present-day Peking University.

Beida Weiming Lake

2 Royal Garden-Changchun Garden

After entering the customs, the Manchu Qing Dynasty was unable to adapt to Beijing's sultry summer climate.

After a fire broke out in the Forbidden City, high palace walls were built.

The courtyards in the royal palace are set together,

The water flow is gentle like stagnant water, and it is meaningless.

In the early years of Kangxi, based on the old site of Tsinghua Garden,

Changchun Garden (now the western part of Peking University) was built,

Yongzheng and Qianlong then used this as the basis

Yuanmingyuan and Qingyi Garden (the Summer Palace of Guangxu) were built.

Summer Palace Building Complex

3. Emperor's Imperial Garden--Yuanming Five Gardens

During the Kangxi years, Yuanmingyuan was given to the Fourth Elder Brother (Yongzheng).

The scope was roughly in the later Jiuzhou area, winning by its waterscape.

After Yongzheng ascended the throne, he upgraded Yuanmingyuan to an imperial garden,

The area has expanded to more than 3000 acres, five times that of the period when the garden was given.

It is also more than three times that of Kangxi Changchun Garden.

In the third year of Yongzheng, he attended government affairs at the Imperial Gate of Yuanmingyuan, replacing Changchun Garden.

Became the highest-ranking imperial garden in the Qing Dynasty,

It has been used by subsequent emperors.

During the Qianlong period, he used the surrounding Yuanqin and Gui Ci Garden for renovation,

Achieve a 1+4 garden pattern,

That is, Yuanmingyuan Main Garden + Changchun Garden (now Xiyanglou area),

Qichun Garden (now Tsinghua University is located),

Xichun Garden (formed by integrating the small gardens between the first three gardens),

Chunxi Courtyard has four auxiliary gardens, with a total area of more than 6000 acres.

Jiaqing and Daoguang successively awarded Chunxi Courtyard and Xichun Garden,

Formed today's Three Gardens of Yuanming and Ming Dynasties.

The restored Qichun Garden

The black swan next to the Xiyanglou Ruins

4. Xichun Garden-Tsinghua University

During the Daoguang period, Xichun Garden was divided into two,

The east garden is named Xichun, and the west garden is named Jinchun.

During the Xianfeng period, Xichun Garden was renamed Tsinghua Garden.

When the British and French coalition forces burned the three mountains and five gardens in 1860,

Jinchun Garden and Tsinghua Garden survived.

During Tongzhi, more than 200 palace corridors in Jinchun Garden were demolished,

Use wood to rebuild Yuanmingyuan.

In 1911, the Tourism Aesthetics Office moved to Tsinghua Garden,

Named Tsinghua School.

In 1913, Tsinghua School was merged into Chunyuan and other places.

Continuously expanded to form today's Tsinghua University.

Tsinghua University Tsinghua Garden Memorial Arch

5. Burning of Yuanmingyuan-cultural disaster

In 1860, Yuanmingyuan was looted and burned by the British and French coalition forces,

Leaving a history of cultural disasters that burned Yuanmingyuan.

The Tongzhi and Guangxu Dynasties tried to rebuild it, but it was never completed.

After the fall of the Qing Dynasty, there was no one to watch,

Warlords pulled a large number of Taihu Lake stones and stone components from the park,

For example, the Chinese watches and lions we see in Peking University today,

Wenyuan Pavilion Monument of the National Library, etc.

Xiyanglou Site

During the Republic of China, the columns and piles of wooden bridges were all demolished and sawed,

Trees large and small have been deforested.

At this point, Yuanmingyuan has been devastated and reduced to ruins.

It was designated as a ruins park in 1983,

After a series of protections, renovations and reconstruction,

This is the Yuanmingyuan in front of you.

Yuanmingyuan and the Parthenon Temple in Greece, the Egyptian Pyramids,

The Roman Colosseum is as famous as ever.

It is the only official imperial garden in official documents of the Qing Dynasty.

It is also the longest, largest and highest level imperial garden.

Five emperors Yongzheng, Qianlong, Jiaqing, Daoguang and Xianfeng

The time I lived here far exceeded the time I lived in the Forbidden City.

Sunset at night

6. The beginning of the Great Wall--the Great Wall of the Pre-Qin Dynasty

The construction history of the Great Wall can be traced back to the Western Zhou Dynasty,

In order to defend against attacks by northern nomads, the Zhou Dynasty

Build a continuous array of castles-Leicheng-for defense.

During the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, various countries competed for hegemony,

Each built defenses on the border,

It was called the Great Wall for the first time.

To distinguish it from the Great Wall built by Qin Shi Huang,

Historians called it the Great Wall of the Pre-Qin Dynasty.

Since Qin Shi Huang, the rulers of the Central Plains Dynasty have built buildings,

The total length of buildings built in each dynasty is more than 100,000 miles.

Construction during the three periods of Qin, Han and Ming were the most important.

Jiankou Great Wall Vision

Overlooking the Zhengbei Tower

7. Qin and Han Dynasties--the Great Wall

The early Qin Great Wall was mainly for maintenance,

Connecting the Qin, Zhao and Yan Great Wall of the Warring States Period,

It was completed by Meng Tian and the military and civilians along the route.

Later, it started in Lintao in the west (now Shanni County, Gansu Province),

East ends in Liaodong (now Liaoning Province),

The Great Wall, which is about 10,000 miles long, was originally called the Great Wall of Thousands of Miles.

Employed nearly one million workers,

It accounted for one-twentieth of the country's total population at that time.

After Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty ascended the throne, he expelled the Xiongnu to Mobei,

Restoration of the Qin Great Wall built by Meng Tian, and a new construction starts from the north bank of Heilongjiang in the east,

To the west, the Great Wall, which is more than 10,000 kilometers long in Central Asia.

It was the dynasty that built the largest number of Great Wall in Chinese history.

Mutianyu Great Wall

8. Ming Dynasty--The Inner and Outer Great Wall

The Ming Great Wall is divided into two inner and outer roads.

The Outer Great Wall starts from the Yalu River in the east and ends at Jiayuguan in the west.

It has a total length of more than 10,000 miles.

The Inner Great Wall starts from Laoying Fort in Shanxi in the west and ends at Juyong Pass in Beijing in the east.

About 2,800 miles.

The eastern ends of the two Inner and Outer Roads meet near Mutianyu in Huairou, Beijing.

To the north is the Outer Great Wall, passing through Yanqing into Hebei,

Follow the northwest to Zhangjiakou and pass through Datong, Shanxi,

Go to Piantou Pass and finally go to Jiayuguan Pass.

Heading west is the Inner Great Wall, passing through Juyong Pass (Badaling),

Leaving Beijing from Lingshan to Zhuolu, Hebei,

Then go to Yanmen Pass, Ningwu Pass and Piantou Pass in Shanxi,

Join the Outer Great Wall on Baiyang Ridge east of Piantou Pass.

Daoma Pass, Zijing Pass and Juyong Pass are located in the east, called the Inner Three Gates.

In the west are Piantou Pass, Ningwu Pass and Yanmen Pass, called the Outer Three Gates.

Jiankou Changcheng Zhengbei Building

Mutianyu Great Wall Steps

9. Arrow Lock Great Wall-majestic and steep

Jiankou Great Wall is located in Huairou, Beijing,

The entire section of the Great Wall is W-shaped, shaped like a bow full of arrows.

It is the most dangerous and magnificent section in Beijing.

Natural weathering is severe and remains unchanged.

Arrow buckle is an undeveloped area, and climbing is prohibited in principle.

But there are always more solutions than difficulties,

There are always senior outdoor players exploring the way first.

Take the first Huairou shuttle bus from Dongzhimen at 6.,

Get off at Huairou North Street and transfer to the bus that takes you to Mutianyu.

Tian Xianyu got off the bus and started a day of hiking and climbing.

Tianxianyu Village

If the sky is clear and the air is clear,

Since entering the village, it has been as beautiful as a peach garden.

Walk about 5 kilometers to the rainbow trout breeding farm,

They reached the mountaineering entrance.

After several obstacles to the established entrance,

Together with Feng Jie, we explored a new path with courage and wisdom.

There is no memory of the scenery on the way, but the almost upright cliff,

Going up with my bare hands really gave me enough drama.

Climbing cliffs with bare hands

The place where I reached the summit happened to be the (main) north building of the town.

The highest point of the Jiankou Great Wall.

Climb to the roof, there are no dead spots in all directions,

With just one glance, he surrendered!

It is built along the dragon ridge of the mountain range and winds until the end of your line of sight.

Then I thought about it extending to the desert and the North Sea.

What a grand and vast project, what a great wisdom of our ancestors.

Arrow buckle, Great Wall, Broken Wall

Walking along the city wall, you can see all the ruins that have been destroyed.

Each brick tells its past and extraordinary,

Illuminating its splendid history with the brilliance of the sun and the moon,

The unity and prosperity of the Central Plains Dynasty,

The Great Wall can be said to have taken the greatest credit.

We should have respect for it in our hearts.

The damaged Arrow Lock Great Wall

In 2012, the State Administration of Cultural Heritage determined that

The total length of the Great Wall in China in past dynasties is 21,196.18 kilometers.

Including the walls of the Great Wall, chases, individual buildings, and castle gates

There are 43721 Great Wall heritage sites such as related facilities.

10. Other related-Tips

1. If time and conditions permit, Tsinghua University must go. The temperament of China's No. 1 University cannot be felt in person.

2. Admission to Yuanmingyuan is 20 yuan, excluding Xiyang Building.

3. You must take the first bus to climb the Great Wall, otherwise it will affect the transfer time. The entrance at the foot of the mountain will be guarded from 9 o'clock and cannot be entered.

4. Arrows are very difficult, and you must have a correct assessment of your outdoor sports tolerance.

5. The starting point of the northern end of the Grand Canal is located in Tongzhou District. There are no relics to find, but if you have an obsession with canal culture, it is good to go and have a look. A new large cultural park has been built.

The northern end of the Tongzhou Grand Canal

There are no strangers in the Jianghu, but we have not met yet.

Thank you to every lovely person for taking the time to read.

One wine is one Jianghu, and one person is one world.

If I happen to meet you, unfortunately, I am waiting for you.

Picture/Xiuli, Feng Jie, Yu Shuwen/Yu Shu

life| travel| food| city| Hanfu

Traveling thousands of rivers and mountainshere is Chongqing