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Don't deceive the dead, don't betray the living, and be worthy of those who come

Chapter 2041: Giant pandas worship water Dujiangyan, Sunbird asks Qingcheng Mountain

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Dujiangyan is a large-scale water conservancy project built and used in ancient China. It is located in the west of Dujiangyan City, Sichuan Province, 340 kilometers upstream of the Minjiang River. Dujiangyan was founded by Li Bing, prefect of Shu Prefecture of Qin State during the Warring States Period, and his son from about 256 BC to 251 BC. After generations of renovations, Dujiangyan still plays a huge role for more than two thousand years. There are many historical relics around Dujiangyan, mainly including Erwang Temple, Fulong Temple, Anlan Bridge, Yulei Pass, Fengqiwo and Douxi Terrace.

The entire Dujiangyan project can be divided into two major systems: weir head and irrigation water network. The weir head includes three main projects: Yuzui (water diversion project), Feisha weir (flood overflow and sand discharge project), and Baopingkou (water diversion project). In addition, there are also internal and external Jingang embankments, miter embankments and other ancillary buildings. The Dujiangyan Project mainly focuses on water diversion and irrigation, and has comprehensive effects such as flood control and sediment discharge, water transportation, and urban water supply. The Chengdu Plain it irrigates is a world-famous "Land of Abundance".

On July 7, 1980, Dujiangyan was listed as the first batch of provincial cultural relics protection units re-established and announced by Sichuan Province. On February 24, 1982, it was announced as the second batch of national key cultural relics protection units. In 2000, Dujiangyan, together with Qingcheng Mountain, was included in the World Heritage List as a world cultural heritage site, considering it "the only surviving grand water conservancy project in the world today that is characterized by water diversion without dams."

"Yuzui" is a water diversion project in Dujiangyan, named because it is shaped like a fish's mouth. It is located in the center of the river and divides the Minjiang River into two inner and outer rivers. The outer river is located in the west, also known as the "Jinma River", which is the normal flow of the Minjiang River and is mainly used for flood discharge; the inner river is located in the east and is the main artificial water diversion channel, mainly used for irrigation, also known as the "Guanjiang River". The fish's mouth determines the diversion ratio of internal and external rivers and is the key to the entire Dujiangyan project.

The Neijiang water intake is 150 meters wide, and the Outer River water intake is 130 meters wide. The terrain and terrain are used to divert the river water in proportion at the fish mouth. When the water is small in spring, 40% flows into the Waijiang River, and 60% flows into the Neijiang River to ensure water for spring plowing; during the spring and summer flood season, the water level rises above the fish's mouth, 60% of the water flows directly into the Waijiang River, and 40% flows into the Neijiang River, preventing the irrigation area from flooding. This is the so-called "dividing it into four to six to alleviate floods and droughts."

In addition, in ancient times, Qiao Cha was used to artificially change the diversion ratio of the inner and outer rivers. Kucha is a interception object with several round logs as a skeleton, covered with bamboo mats, and filled with sediment inside. When necessary, as long as a few ravines are placed on one side of the river, the water on that side can be reduced. Generally, this method is used to intercept the outer river in spring when there is little water supply and increase the water supply to the inner river. After the water level rises after spring plowing, the chasm is cut off to return the water flow to normal. After 1974, permanent sluices were built at the outer river entrance, replacing Qiacha to achieve cofferdam and flood discharge.

The current fish mouth plane is half-moon shaped, made of mortar masonry and concrete, is 80 meters long, 39.1 meters wide at its widest point, and 6.6 meters high. The Yuzui embankment extends downstream to form a Jingang embankment, with an inner embankment of 650 meters long and an outer embankment of 900 meters long. Further down the Jingang embankment are the Feisha Weir and the Miter embankment.

On the east bank of Yuzui upstream, there is also a Baizhang embankment, with a total length of 1950 meters, which forces floods and sediment to the outer river and serves as a bank protection. Yuzui, Baizhang Dike, and Jingang Dike, together with Feisha Weir and Baopingkou, coordinate the functions of flood discharge, sand discharge and regulation of water volume. The position of the fish's beak has been changing throughout history. The earliest fish mouth was located not far downstream of the Baisha River estuary; the current fish mouth is located 2050 meters downstream of the Baisha River estuary. This location was determined during an overhaul in 1936.

The Dujiangyan fish mouth was damaged in the Wenchuan earthquake in Sichuan and cracked, but the impact was not significant after repair. Baopingkou is a water diversion project in Dujiangyan. It is a manually carved gap in the cliff of Yulei Mountain extending towards the Minjiang River.

It is 120 meters away from the lower entrance of Feisha Weir, located under Yulei Pass, the west gate of the city wall of Guguan County, and was dug when Dujiangyan was founded. The mouth of the treasure bottle is wide at the top and narrow at the bottom, 14.3 meters wide at the bottom, 28.9 meters wide at the top, with an average width of 20.4 meters, a height of 18.8 meters, and a length of 36 meters. The water inlet inside the mouth, that is, the inner river flows into, is 70 meters wide, and the outer water outlet is 40-50 meters wide. It is shaped like a "bottleneck", hence the name of the treasure bottle mouth.

The combination of Baopingkou and Feisha Weir has the function of controlling the size of water flow and is the key to controlling the water inflow of the inner river. The water of the Neijiang River flows into through the Baopingkou, irrigating large areas of farmland in the Chengdu Plain; during the flood, the water level of the Neijiang River rises higher than the Feisha Weirs, and the flood enters the outer river and flows. In addition, the restriction of the Baopingkou on the water flow has achieved flood control. effect. After the Neijiang water flows into Baopingkou, it continues to diverge along various diversion canals along the high northwest and low southeast terrain, forming a gravity irrigation canal system that irrigates more than 10 million acres of farmland on the Chengdu Plain.

The cliff on the left bank of Baopingkou is engraved with dozens of marks, each with a distance of one ruler. It is called "Water Rule", which is used to observe water level fluctuations and fluctuations. It is the earliest water level ruler in my country. The amount of water available increases with the expansion of Dujiangyan irrigation area. In the Song Dynasty, there were only ten strokes of water. When the water level reached six strokes, it would be sufficient. If the water level reached six strokes, it would be sufficient. If it was higher, waterlogging would occur (History of Song Dynasty: "The excess would be one foot and would stop at ten; when the water reached six strokes, it would be sufficient to be used");

In the Yuan Dynasty, the number of full uses was nine ("Yuan History":"Drawing it by a ruler, it is one more than ten. The people are happy with the water and its ninth, but if they pass it, they will worry, and if they don't have it, they will be sleepy "). In the Qing Dynasty, 16 floods were considered a major flood. Now 14 floods are needed to ensure water for spring plowing. The water on the rocks on the cliffs has reached 24 strokes.

The hill to the right of Baopingkou is named "Lidui" because it is separated from the mountain. There is Fulong Temple, also known as the Lao Wang Temple, where Li Bing is sacrificed. After more than 2,000 years of rapid impact from the river water, a huge void appeared in the Baopingkou Rock Foundation. It was reinforced and separated twice in 1965 and 1970. Feisha Weir plays the role of flood overflow and sand discharge. It was originally named "Shilang Weir". It was built during the Longshuo period of Gaozong of the Tang Dynasty (661 - 663). It is the flood overflow and sand discharge channel of the Neijiang River, hence the name.

Feisha Weir is a gap 710 meters away in the lower section of Jingang Dike. It is located on the opposite bank of Hutou Rock. It is 240 meters wide and its top is 2 meters higher than the river bed. Feisha Weir discharges more than the needs of the irrigation area to the outer river by itself, protecting the Chengdu Plain from floods; it can also discharge a large amount of sand and gravel trapped in the water from here to the outer river by centrifugal force to avoid silting up the inner river, Baopingkou and irrigation areas.

Feisha Weir follows the principle of "low weir", that is, the embankment top is low and the standard platform top on the opposite bank, so that the inner river water that exceeds the upper limit of Baopingkou discharge flows over the weir top and flows into the outer river. If a major flood is encountered, the weir will burst on its own, allowing the river water to return to the normal flow of the Minjiang River. When the water level of the Neijiang River reaches the 14th stroke of water, the flow rate is 385 cubic meters per second, which is enough for spring plowing in the irrigation area.

If the height of the top of the Feisha Weir is equal to this water level, when the water in the inner river exceeds fourteen times, excess river water can overflow from the Feisha Weir to the outer river. In addition, the treasure bottle mouth not far downstream of Feisha Weir has a good water control effect. Even if the flow rate of the inner river reaches 3000 cubic meters per second, the water intake at the treasure bottle mouth is about 700 cubic meters per second. The rapid water flowing down the Jingang embankment is blocked by the flow restriction at the mouth of the treasure bottle, forming a water pool outside the mouth, known as the Fu Dragon Pond.

Coupled with the guiding effect of Hutou Rock, which protrudes into the Inner River opposite the Feisha Weir, on water flow and sand, the flood water, together with a large amount of sediment, crosses the Feisha Weir and is discharged into the Outer River. According to contemporary actual measurements, when the flow of the Minjiang River exceeds 1000 cubic meters per second, 40% of the flood and 98% of the sediment are discharged from the flying sand weir. The adjustment of the top height of the Feisha weir, coupled with the flow restriction at Baopingkou and the guidance of Hutouyan, can ensure that the water diversion area has sufficient clear water without the threat of floods.

The main function of the Dujiangyan Project is to divert water for irrigation and flood control. In addition, it also has the functions of water transportation and urban water supply. It divides the Minjiang River water in two and directs part of it to the east side of Yulei Mountain, preventing the southern half of the Chengdu Plain from suffering from floods and the northern half from drought. For thousands of years, the Minjiang River has turned harm into benefit here, benefiting agriculture and mulberry trees, turning the Chengdu Plain into a "land of abundance" where "floods and droughts follow people, no knowledge of famine, and no famine is available at all times", and further promoting the governance of the entire Sichuan region. Economic and cultural development.

When Dujiangyan was first established, shipping was the main focus and irrigation was supplemented. "Records of the Historian·River Canal Book" records,"In Chengdu crossing the two rivers, boats can sail on these canals, and there is more to be used for irrigation and irrigation, and the people benefit from it." As a result, the Minjiang River and Yangtze River were navigable, and the timber rich in the upper reaches of the Minjiang River could also be transported to Chengdu, making Chengdu the center of transportation in Sichuan since the Qin Dynasty.

In addition to the benefits of water transportation, Dujiangyan's benefits in agricultural irrigation have become increasingly relied on by the world with the development of irrigation canal systems. After the water on the left bank of the Minjiang River flows out of Baopingkou to the east side of Yulei Mountain, it flows to Chengdu along the two main canals dug by Li Bing. During the Western Han Dynasty, Wen Weng, the prefect of Shu Prefecture, opened a new main canal to divert Minjiang River water to the eastern part of the Chengdu Plain. During the Eastern Han Dynasty, the "Wangchuan Plain" was "cut twenty miles of stones" to extend the irrigation canal across the current Muma Mountain highland of Shuangliu. At the same time, the diversion canal system on the right bank of the Minjiang River continues to extend to the southwest of the Chengdu Plain based on the Yangmo River opened in the Li Bing era. After hundreds of years of development, by the Han Dynasty, the Dujiangyan Irrigation Area had developed from Pi County in the Qin Dynasty to Chengdu to Pengxian, Guanghan and Xindu, with an irrigated area of more than 10,000 hectares (one acre in the Han Dynasty is about 70 acres today).

When "Han Shu·Geography Chronicles" mentioned the Chengdu Plain, it said that "the people eat rice and fish, and they have no worries about bad years, and the customs are not worried about hardship." By the Tang Dynasty, Shi Gaojian, the governor of Yizhou, opened branch canals. Since then, the canal system in the irrigation area has become more and more dense after many renovations, and the irrigation field area has continued to expand. The effect of Dujiangyan has since shifted to farmland irrigation.

During the Song Dynasty, the Dujiangyan Irrigation Area developed significantly. According to Wang Anshi's "Epitaph of Lu Jun in the Jingdongtidian Prison", the irrigation area reached at least 12 counties in total, including 1 prefecture, 2 army and 2 prefectures, of which Lu Guang alone was responsible. There are 17,000 hectares (about 1.377 million acres today). During the Qing Dynasty, the irrigation area reached about 3 million acres in 14 prefectures and counties. By the Republic of China, the irrigated area calculated in 1937 (the 27th year of the Republic of China) was 2.6371 million acres;

"Dujiangyan Water Conservancy Notes" published in 1938 (the 27th year of the Republic of China) described that the fields benefiting from Dujiangyan were "as wide as 14 counties in western Sichuan... about 5.2 million acres." After the founding of our country, we continued to expand and renovate the irrigation system in Dujiangyan. At the end of the 1960s, the irrigated area reached 6.78 million acres; by the early 1980s, the irrigation area was expanded to the area east of Longquan Mountain and nearly 300 reservoirs were built, expanding the irrigated area to 8.58 million acres; since then, further irrigation area transformation expanded the irrigated area to more than 10 million acres,

The total water diversion volume reaches 10 billion cubic meters, making it currently the largest irrigation water conservancy project in the world. Dujiangyan's effective management ensures that the entire project can still play an important role after more than 2,000 years. During the reign of Emperor Ling of the Han Dynasty,"Dushui rafters" and "Dushui chiefs" were set up to maintain the weir head project; during the Shu Han Dynasty, Zhuge Liang set up weir officers and "recruited 1,200 Ding people to take charge of the protection"("Shuijing Notes·River Water"). From then on, the county magistrate of the place where the weir head was located was in charge of each dynasty. By the Song Dynasty, the annual repair system that has been implemented to this day was formulated.

The ancient bamboo cage structure was not stable under the impact of the Minjiang River jet, and the Neijiang River channel could not avoid silting despite the sand discharge mechanism. Therefore, Dujiangyan needs to be renovated regularly to make it operate effectively. During the Song Dynasty, a system was established to cut off annual repairs during the dry season in winter and spring and during the slack season. It was called "Chuantao".

During the annual repair, the barrier body is repaired and the river is deeply cleaned. The depth of the beach is determined by digging into the stone horse buried at the bottom of the beach, and the height of the weir body is determined to be equal to the water on the rock wall on the opposite bank. Since the Ming Dynasty, horizontal irons have been used instead of stone horses as a symbol of the depth of the beach. There are three ten-foot-long horizontal irons located on the left bank of Baopingkou. They were cast in the Wanli Period of the Ming Dynasty, the Tongzhi Period of the Qing Dynasty and 1927 respectively.

After the completion of the project, the predecessors also summarized a set of scientific maintenance systems, the six most essential words of which are widely known: deep scouring beaches and low weirs. The "beach" in "Shentao Beach" refers to a section of the river bed in Fengqiwo (that is, the silted shoal opposite the Feisha Weir). Sand and sand will be silted up here every year after the flood and must be repaired diligently year by year.

"Deep scouring" means that during annual repair, the river bed must be scouring to a certain depth. If the scouring is too deep, the water intake at the mouth of the treasure bottle will be too large, which will cause waterlogging; if the scouring is too shallow, the water intake at the mouth of the treasure bottle will be insufficient, making it difficult to ensure irrigation. To this end, it is said that Li Bingcai buried stone horses under the river bed as a symbol of deep excavation. "Low-built weir" means that when the flying sand weir is being built, the weir top should be built low to facilitate flood discharge and sand discharge, and play the role of "diverting water to irrigate fields and diverting flood to reduce disaster"...

It is generally believed that Dujiangyan was built around 256 years ago by Li Bing, the prefect of Shu Prefecture of Qin, and his son. "Historical Records of the Historian·River Canal Book" records: "Shu guards the ice and chisels away from the piles to avoid the harm of foam water; it crosses the two rivers in Chengdu." "Huayang Guozhi·Shu Chronicles" also records: "Li Bing was the governor of Shu... He blocked the river, crossed the Pijiang River, inspected the river, separated tributaries, and crossed the county to sail boats." "Blocking the river to create a hole" is generally believed to mean building a water diversion fish mouth,"digging out the pile" means digging out the mouth of the treasure bottle, and the sentences "crossing the second river" and "double crossing the county" refer to Li Bing's excavation of two main canals leading to Chengdu. The stone statue of the Eastern Han Dynasty unearthed in Waijiang in 1974 has an inscription "Li Fujun abhorred ice", which is considered to be evidence of Li Bing's founding of Dujiangyan.

The traditional saying that Li Bing presided over the construction of Dujiangyan is not unquestioned. The skeptics 'views are based on doubts about ancient documents. They believe that "Moshui" is the ancient name of the Dadu River, not the Minjiang River, which was generally called "Jiang" in ancient times. Therefore, it is questionable whether "Historical Records" said that Li Bing "dug away the pile to avoid the harm of foam water" meant digging the mouth of the Dujiangyan treasure bottle. "Huayang Guozhi" records that the enlightenment of the ancient Shu State "broke jade mountains to eliminate water disasters."

Corresponding to the "Shuijing Notes" in "The river is separated from the east, which is the work of Kaiming", it seems that Kaiming dug the Baopingkou, a key project in Dujiangyan, earlier than Li Bing. However, there is strong evidence to the contrary to the view against this statement. The mountain range where Baopingkou is located began to use the name "Yulei Mountain" as late as the Tang Dynasty. Therefore, the Yulei Mountain referred to in the "Huayang Guozhi" written in the Eastern Jin Dynasty should be somewhere else.

There are many historical relics around Dujiangyan, mainly including Erwang Temple, Fulong Temple, Anlan Bridge, Yulei Pass, Fengqiwo and Douxi Terrace. Erwang Temple is located at the foot of Yulei Mountain. It is known as the "Erwang Temple of Yulei Fairy Capital" and is a memorial temple in memory of Li Bing and his son. It was built during the Northern and Southern Dynasties and was originally named Chongde Temple. It was later built and demolished several times. It was named Erwang Temple after reconstruction in the Qing Dynasty. There are many plaques, couplets and stone tablets related to Li Bing and his son and the Dujiangyan project in the temple. The main buildings include the main hall, the Second Hall, the Birth Delivery Hall, the Temple of the Holy Mother, the Hall of Laojun, the Kuixing Pavilion, etc. They are laid out according to the mountains and interspersed among the mountains and forests. From each temple, you can overlook the panoramic view of Dujiangyan. The entire temple is decorated with lush buildings and beautiful pavilions, standing on the riverside, with a majestic momentum. On May 12, 2008, the Erwangmiao ancient building complex completely collapsed during the Wenchuan earthquake. It was later renovated according to the Qing Dynasty system and has taken on a completely new look.

There is a Fulong Temple at the highest point at the north end of the pile. It is said that when Li Bing and his son were controlling the water, they once subdued the evil dragon in the river and locked it in the Fu Dragon Pool under the Li pile. Later generations built a temple to worship this move. The temple was built in the Jin Dynasty and was renamed Fulong Temple in the early Northern Song Dynasty. The existing three temples were all renovated in the Qing Dynasty. There is a stone statue of Li Bing in the main hall. It was discovered in Jiangxin in 1974. It was engraved in the first year of Jianning in the Eastern Han Dynasty (168). It is 2.9 meters high and weighs 4.5 tons. There are inscriptions and dates on the chest. It is a very precious piece of cultural relics.

Anlan Bridge, commonly known as the Cable Bridge, spans the Minjiang River Dujiangyan. In the old days, bamboo was used as cables and wooden piles were used as piers to support the bamboo cables and were made continuously. A wooden board is laid on top of it, with a total length of more than 500 meters. The bridge was built before the Song Dynasty, was destroyed in war at the end of the Ming Dynasty, and rebuilt during the Jiaqing period of the Qing Dynasty...

We visited the South Bridge and then drove to Qingcheng Mountain, which is one of the birthplaces of Taoism in my country and one of the famous Taoist mountains. It is located in the southwest of Dujiangyan City, Sichuan Province. It was called "Kehan Mountain" and "Zhangren Mountain" in ancient times. It is 68 kilometers east of Chengdu City and 10 kilometers southwest of the Dujiangyan Water Conservancy Project. The main peak, Laoxiaoping, is 1600 meters above sea level. Among the famous mountains in Sichuan, it is equally famous as the danger of Jianmen, the beauty of Emei, and the hero of Kimen. It is known as "the tranquility of Qingcheng in the world".

Qingcheng Mountain is a famous historical mountain and a national key scenic spot in my country. In 2000, it was included in the World Heritage List together with Dujiangyan as a World Cultural Heritage Site. Qingcheng Mountain was greatly affected by the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake. Qingcheng Mountain is divided into front mountain and back mountain. Front mountain is the main part of Qingcheng Mountain Scenic Area, about 15 square kilometers, with beautiful scenery and many cultural relics. Due to inconvenient transportation and dangerous terrain at the back mountain of Qingcheng, the natural scenery is well preserved.

Qingcheng Mountain is the eastern branch of the southern section of the Qionglai Mountains. It was formed in an orogenic movement 180 million years ago. When the mountain was lifted, it was strongly squeezed, and the rock layers were broken, with large undulations and obvious folds, so the mountain structure is complex.

There are currently two explanations for the name of Qingcheng Mountain: Qingcheng Mountain has 36 peaks of Yin and Yang arranged in a ring, with sharp and steep cliffs. It is "green and green in all directions, shaped like a city, hence the name Qingcheng."

Its original name was "Qingcheng Mountain", and it was named "Qingcheng" because ancient myths said that "the Qing Capital, Crape Myrtle, and the Emperor of Heaven live." During the Tang Dynasty, Buddhism developed rapidly, and Buddhism and Taoism had a territorial dispute on the mountain. The lawsuit was fought against the emperor. Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty personally issued an edict to determine that "the Taoist temple should be returned to the mountains." However, the edict wrote "Qingcheng" as "Qingcheng", so it was renamed Qingcheng Mountain. This is not a legend. The inscriptions of the Tang Dynasty are still preserved on the mountain. The full text of the imperial edict is supplemented by the inscription.

Qingcheng Mountain is a famous Taoist mountain in my country and one of the birthplaces of Taoism. It is said that the Taoist celestial master Zhang Daoling showed his Tao on Qingcheng Mountain in his later years and emerged here. Since then, Qingcheng Mountain has become the ancestral mountain of Tianshi Taoism. Successive celestial masters from all over the country have come to Qingcheng Mountain to worship their ancestral home.

According to legend, the mountain god of this mountain is the ancient hermit "Father-in-law Ke Han", who is honored by Taoism as Tianzhu Ling, who can supervise the mountain gods of the world. The main Taoist buildings on Qingcheng Mountain include Jianfu Palace, Laojun Pavilion, Yuanming Palace, Shangqing Palace, Tianshi Cave, etc.

Ancient Town of Tai 'an. Tai 'an Temple is located in the center of the ancient town. There are many restaurants and hotels in the ancient town for tourists to stay.

Behind the mountain of Qingcheng are Tai 'an Ancient Town and Wulong Gully. It was called Manhegou in ancient times and was about 8 kilometers long. It was named after the legend that five dragons were hidden in the ditch in ancient times. Among them, the scenery includes Jinwaituo, the excellent Longyin Gorge Plank Road, Stalagmite Rock, Echo Wall, etc.

Another village. Taohua Creek, located above Wulong Gully, is named after the poem of Lu You, a poet of the Southern Song Dynasty,"Mountains and heavy waters, but there is no road, and willows are dark and flowers are bright." There are more than 20 farmhouses in the village that mainly develop tourism, making it another good place to climb mountains and rest. Among them, Taohuaxi Holiday Park is also located in Youyi Village.

I climbed to the Shangqing Palace to visit. When I finally reached the Qizhen Hall, I was already sweating profusely. I passed through Yuxian Pavilion and continued to climb up the mountain. After going down the mountain, I returned to the city, passed through the Jinsha Hotel, and visited Jinli again. This is an antique street with Chengdu snacks everywhere...

The next day, I had the opportunity to visit the Chengdu Giant Panda Base and saw the giant pandas with my own eyes. Giant pandas are also known as giant pandas, commonly known as "pandas" or "pandas". They belong to a mammal of the family Ursus, the carnivorous order, with black and white body colors. Panda is an endemic species in our country. The main existing habitats are the mountainous areas around the Sichuan Basin in central and western China and the Qinling Mountains in southern Shaanxi.

There are approximately 2060 giant pandas in the wild in the world (2016 data). At the end of 2016, the World Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) downgraded the threat level of giant pandas from "endangered" to "vulnerable". Due to its low fertility rate, the giant panda is rated as an endangered species in my country's Red Book of Endangered Animals and is a national treasure of my country. Giant pandas are known as living fossils in the biological world.

The giant panda's black and white coat color and innocent appearance make it deeply loved by people and has a large number of fans around the world. When the World Wide Fund for Nature was established in 1961, it was marked by giant pandas. Giant pandas have become the most important symbol of the protection of endangered species; giant pandas are also an important representative of my country's friendship to each other in diplomatic activities. American international governance scholar Joseph Nair even bluntly said that giant pandas are regarded as an important pillar of my country's expansion of soft power and are similar to the British royal family.

I visited the place where giant pandas are raised with four beautiful women. I was very satisfied with the free visiting services provided by the Chengdu Giant Panda Breeding Research Base. The Chengdu Giant Panda Breeding Research Base was established in 1987 and is located on the shallow hill beside Futou Mountain in the northern suburbs of Chengdu City, Sichuan Province. It is a well-known research institution and tourist destination integrating giant panda scientific research and breeding, public education and educational tourism in my country and even the world. It is also a tourist destination specializing in the research, breeding, Protect non-profit organizations for education and educational tourism. The base currently covers a total area of 1530 acres. Based on 6 giant pandas rescued from the wild in the early days of its establishment, the Chengdu Panda Base has successfully increased the captive population of giant pandas to 152 as of 2015, making it the world's largest captive giant panda artificial breeding population. population. In addition, the base also houses red pandas, golden monkeys and other endangered wild animals.

After returning to Chengdu, I visited the Jinsha Site again. It is a Bronze Age site located in Jinsha Village, Supo Township, west of Chengdu City, Sichuan Province, my country. It is located along the Dasha River and covers an area of more than 5 square kilometers. It is one of the national key cultural relics protection units. 50 kilometers away from the Sanxingdui site, this culture dates from about 1250 to 650 BC and was relatively prosperous in the 1000 BC. The cultural relics of Jinsha Culture and Sanxingdui Culture are similar, but there are no city walls, which is about the last period of Sanxingdui Culture, representing a transfer of the governance center of ancient Shu. On December 27, 2002, it was announced as the sixth batch of provincial cultural relics protection units in Sichuan Province. On May 25, 2006, it was listed as the sixth batch of national key cultural relics protection units. The Jinsha Site is located in Jinsha Village, Supo Township, Qingyang District, Chengdu City (now Jinsha Street, Qingyang District, Chengdu City). It was first discovered during the excavation of the Shufeng Garden Street construction site in February 2001. In 2007, the Jinsha Site Museum was built on the original site of the Jinsha Site to display the site's sacrificial area and cultural relics.

More than a thousand precious cultural relics were cleared out at the site, including: more than 30 pieces of gold, more than 400 pieces of jade and bronze each, 170 pieces of stone tools, and more than 40 pieces of ivory. The total weight of ivory unearthed was nearly one ton. In addition, a large number of pottery were unearthed. From the perspective of the era of cultural relics, most of them were about the late Shang Dynasty (about the late 18th century BC-the late 12th century BC) and the early Western Zhou Dynasty (about 1046 BC-771 BC), and a small part were during the Spring and Autumn Period (722 BC-481 BC). Moreover, as the excavation progresses, it cannot be ruled out that there may be major discoveries. Among the unearthed gold utensils, there are more than 30 pieces of gold masks, fish-patterned gold belts, sunbird gold foils, frog-shaped gold foils, trumpet-shaped gold utensils, box-shaped gold utensils, etc. The gold masks are basically consistent with the bronze masks in Sanxingdui, Guanghan. The gold mask, the sun bird gold ornaments and the ten-section jade cong are known as the treasures of the Jinsha Site Museum.

The Sun God Bird gold decoration is a round gold foil with a diameter of 125 mm and a thickness of 0.2 mm. It is divided into two inner and outer layers. The inner layer is 52.9 mm hollow and clockwise rotating arc-shaped lights, symbolizing the sun. The outer side is 4 hollow bird-shaped decoration symbolizes "the golden crow bears the sun." The gold belt is engraved with the pattern of arrows piercing through fish and birds, which is very similar to the pattern on the gold staff unearthed at Sanxingdui. Some scholars believe that this represents the legendary king of the ancient Shu Kingdom,"Yufu".

There are many kinds of jade articles unearthed and are very exquisite. The largest one is a ten-section jade cong about 22 centimeters high. The color is emerald green. The carving is extremely fine. The surface has micro-engraved patterns as thin as hair and a humanoid pattern. It can be called a national treasure. Its modeling style is completely consistent with that of Liangzhu Culture. According to experts, its history is more than 1000 years longer than the history of the Jinsha Site.

The more than 400 bronze objects unearthed are mainly small objects, including bronze liren, bronze tiger, copper bell, copper bi, copper standing bird, etc. Among them, the bronze standing figures are similar to the bronze standing figures unearthed in Sanxingdui.

There are 170 stone tools unearthed, including stone figures, stone tigers, stone snakes, stone turtles, etc. They are the earliest and most exquisite stone tools discovered in Sichuan so far. The kneeling figures among them are lifelike and lifelike. Experts believe that they were most likely slaves or prisoners of war of aristocrats at that time, which shows that the Shu State was relatively powerful at that time. The stone tiger in the stone tools is simple and vivid in shape.

Other cultural relics unearthed include a large number of tusks, wild boar tusks, antlers, pottery and woodwork. The excavation of the Jinsha site is of great significance to the study of ancient Shu and can rewrite the history of Chengdu and the ancient history of Sichuan. The previous history of Chengdu's city-building with written characters can be traced back to the late Warring States period when Zhang Yi built the capital. Analysis of the cultural relics unearthed at the Jinsha site shows that many of them were ceremonial vessels with special purposes and should be relics of the highest ruling class in the Chengdu Plain at that time. These relics are similar in style to Sanxingdui cultural relics, but also have certain differences, indicating that the site has a close relationship with Sanxingdui.

The nature of the Jinsha site is currently speculated to be a sacrificial relic. However, due to the large amount of jade, semi-finished stone tools and raw materials unearthed, the possibility of workshop relics cannot be ruled out. However, judging from the large number of precious cultural relics unearthed and the surrounding large buildings and important relics, the area where Shufeng Garden is located is likely to be the political and cultural center of Chengdu. The jade Ge and jade Yuan unearthed at the site show that Jinsha culture is related to the Yellow River Basin culture and the Liangzhu culture in the lower reaches of the Yangtze River.

The gold ornaments of the sun god bird unearthed at the Jinsha site have now been adopted as the "symbol of my country's cultural heritage" and are also the informal city emblem of Chengdu City and part of the emblem of Jincheng College of Sichuan University.

The Sanxingdui Site is located on the Yazi River, 7 kilometers west of Guanghan City, Sichuan Province, and 4 kilometers away from Nanxing Town. It is about 40 kilometers away from Chengdu in the south and 26 kilometers away from Deyang in the north. It is a Bronze Age cultural site. It is named because of the three undulating and connected yellow mounds in the ancient area. It is known as "Three Stars Accompanying the Moon". The site dates from 2800 BC to 1100 BC and is divided into four phases. The first phase is Baodun Culture (Pre-Shu Culture), the second and third phases are Sanxingdui Culture (Ancient Shu, 2000 BC-1400 BC), and the fourth phase is Shierqiao Culture (Ancient Shu, mainly preserved in the Jinsha Site), which is approximately equivalent to the Xia, Shang and Zhou Period of the Central Plains. On January 16, 1987, it was announced as the second batch of cultural relics protection units in Sichuan Province. On January 13, 1988, it was listed as the third batch of national key cultural relics protection units.

The Sun God Bird Gold Ordnance (also known as the "Four Birds Around the Sun" gold Ordnance) is a piece of gold foil unearthed at the Jinsha Site in Chengdu City, Sichuan Province in 2001. It belongs to a work in the late Shang Dynasty. It is a national-level cultural relic in my country and one of the third batch of cultural relics prohibited from overseas exhibitions. The entire gold jewelry is in the shape of a ring with an outer diameter of 12.5 cm, an inner diameter of 5.29 cm, a thickness of 0.02 cm, and a weight of 20 grams. There are complex hollow patterns on the gold ornaments, which are divided into two layers: inner and outer. The inner layer is surrounded by twelve rotating toothed lights at equal intervals; the outer layer pattern surrounds the inner layer pattern and consists of four identical birds flying counterclockwise. The four birds 'heads and feet are connected back and forth, flying in the same direction, opposite to the rotation direction of the inner vortex. The pattern is usually interpreted as: the four birds represent the four seasons of spring, summer, autumn and winter, and the 12 light patterns on the inner layer represent the cycle of twelve months of the year. It may also be related to the legend of "the Golden Crow bears the sun". Composition analysis showed that its gold content was as high as 94.2%. The gold ornament may be a sacred artifact used by the ancient Shu people for sacrifice. It is now housed in the Jinsha Ruins Museum in Chengdu City and is the museum's treasure.

After visiting, I walked to the square of the museum and saw several beautiful female teachers taking photos in the square with a group of children. I also walked over to join in the fun. After leaving the Jinsha Museum, I went straight to Sichuan Southwestern University of Finance and Economics. Southwestern University of Finance and Economics is referred to as Southwestern University of Finance and Economics. It is an institution of higher learning directly under the Ministry of Education of my country. It is a first-class discipline construction university under the "211 Project","985 Superior Subject Innovation Platform Project" and a first-class discipline construction university under the National Double-Class Plan. It is also a pilot university for the national education system reform and an EQUIS certified member. The school consists of two campuses: Guanghua and Liulin. Guanghua Campus is located in Guanghua Village, Qingyang District, Chengdu City, and Liulin Campus is located in Wenjiang District, Chengdu City.

Southwestern University of Finance and Economics is a financial college with economics and management as the main body, finance as the focus, and including law, arts, science, engineering and other disciplines. As of April 2015, the school has 27 colleges (centers, departments) and other teaching units, 33 undergraduate majors, 11 first-level disciplines with master's degree awarding rights, and 108 master's degree training majors (Including 18 master's degrees), 5 first-level disciplines with doctoral degree awarding authority, 57 doctoral degree training majors, and 4 postdoctoral mobile stations;4 national key disciplines (finance, governance economics, accounting and statistics), 5 provincial key first-level disciplines, and 4 provincial key second-level disciplines, are known as the "financial talent pool of my country".

I passed by another park and saw a large number of middle-aged and elderly people dancing in the park. It was a working day around 2 o'clock in the afternoon. So many people in their prime did not go to work, but were dancing in the park. I have to say that Chengdu people are too lazy.

Jumbo Huang citation resources: The Dujiangyan is an ancient irrigation system in Dujiangyan City, Sichuan, China. Originally constructed around 256 BC by the State of Qin as an irrigation and flood control project, it is still in use today. The system's infrastructure develops on the Min River (Minjiang), the longest tributary of the Yangtze. The area is in the west part of the Chengdu Plain, between the Sichuan basin and the Tibetan plateau. Originally, the Min would rush down from the Min Mountains and slow down abruptly after reaching the Chengdu Plain, filling the watercourse with silt, thus making the nearby areas extremely prone to floods. Li Bing, then governor of Shu for the state of Qin, and his son headed the construction of the Dujiangyan, which harnessed the river using a new method of channeling and dividing the water rather than simply damming it. The water management scheme is still in use today to irrigate over 5300 square kilometres (2000 sq mi) of land in the region. The Dujiangyan, the Zhengguo Canal in Shaanxi and the Lingqu Canal in Guangxi are collectively known as the "three great hydraulic engineering projects of the Qin."

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Chapter 2042: The mountain is a Buddha leaning on a cliff, and the Buddha is a mountain facing the abyss