Huang Jian Bo Cai Feng Chasing the Shadow Jumbo Huang Ancient Architecture

Chapter 3098: Duanjin Hall, Duke Xu Temple, has laws in governing the family, especially good neighborliness

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Sanhua Village, which has lost the charm of the ancient village, is in urgent need of rejuvenation, but it does not mean that the ancient buildings must be demolished. Before coming here, I heard that Sanhua Village is a famous Sanduo: There was a lot of water, fish ponds, and ancestral halls. I went in and walked around. Sure enough, there were abundant water sources and particularly many fish ponds. There were also famous ancient buildings in the village such as the Shuixian Ancient Temple and the Zizi Dafu Temple. Among them, the Xugong Temple was also The seat of the Fanhua County Alliance Branch during the 1911 Innovation period. Sixteen of the eighteen martyrs of Hua County came from the village. Walking into this village with a profound history, people couldn't help but respect this place.

There are some elderly people in the village who know every plant and tree in every corner of the village like the back of the hand. In every village in Huadu, there is a iconic big banyan tree at the entrance of the village. It is vigorous and dense. It has been faithfully grown for hundreds of years and has become stronger over time., unyielding. Most of the banyan trees planted in Sanhua Village are fine-leafed banyan trees with thick and lush leaves and strong roots. Teacher Xu Zhiqiang said that most of the old banyan trees here are hundreds of years old. Everyone treats the big banyan tree at the entrance of the village as relatives. Many families who have given birth to children come to worship the old banyan tree as their "husband and mother" in order to improve their children. Raise them well.

According to historical records from Sanhua Village Committee, Xinhua Town, Huadu District, Guangzhou City, there are many large ponds in the village.[Emperor's Ancient Architecture Collection] No. 31384: Fengshan Xugong Temple is located next to the pond. The situation of the ancient village with comb-like structure has been destroyed by newly built matchbox-style self-built peasant houses.

However, the individual ancestral halls still have their own outstanding aspects. The Xugong Temple in Fengshan is already very dilapidated, but the preserved Xiagongliang, Shishi, Special-shaped Dougong, Quedi, and Chishi are all masterpieces of stone carving craftsmanship. Quedi and wood carving eaves boards are both very distinctive. The gray sculpture next to the pot ear gable has faded.

[Emperor's Ancient Architecture Collection] No. 31385: Xugong Temple in Songdong is located on the left side of Xugong Temple in Fengshan. It is just a broken wall. Walking along the rural road, you can see three large ponds. At least five or six ponds are distributed in Sanhua Industrial Zone. Looking across from the pond, you can see two corridors of residential buildings in a comb-like manner. The ancient village is basically the most well-preserved ancestral hall. Most of the other residential buildings have been demolished and replaced by matchbox-style self-built peasant houses.

There are a large number of ancient banyan trees distributed in the village. The ponds are blocked by guardrails. There are signs on the roadside showing that Sanhua Ancient Street is on the right. I walked to Ronghua Li. The gray sculptures are very distinctive. The gray sculptures of flowers and birds still retain colored pigments. The gray sculptures on the ridges of some ancestral halls are patterns of mountains, rivers, flowers and plants.

Green glazed windows are embedded in the eaves walls on both sides, and the gray sculpture under the eaves is more precise. The steps have been basically repaired. The steps on both sides of some old buildings are usually knocked off. Thieves like to steal this component most. Relatively speaking, it is more difficult to steal shrimp beams and stone lions.

[Emperor's Ancient Architecture Encyclopedia] No. 31386: The kiss and ridge temples of Xu Gong Temple in Mo 'an both have their own characteristics. Looking at the dilapidated and damaged ancestral hall, I don't feel too ashamed of the celebrities who have walked out here and their past glory and glory. Perhaps, life is a cycle and watch. We need to stop and experience the wonderful family memories brought to us by each brick here, so that we can feel that they once lived so vividly in the long river of history.

The Xu Gong Temple in Mo 'an was built in the early Qing Dynasty and was rebuilt in the second year of Tongzhi (1863). There is also a three-door and five-story brick archway in the ancestral hall. The brick carvings of "Hundred Flowers and Prosperity" on it are very exquisite and are rare in ancestral halls of ancient villages. These two ancestral halls were announced as cultural relics protection units in Guangzhou City in December 2008.

According to Tan Xiaoyu in Huadu, Sanhua Village has many fish ponds and rich products. The villagers 'lives have reached a moderately prosperous level. However, at that time, many girls were reluctant to marry here because every family had fish ponds. Every year, they dry ponds to catch fish and pick pond mud to fertilize the fields. It is particularly hard work. The villagers remember that they used to fish in dry ponds. For some reason, they always encountered the coldest weather in winter every year.

The biting water from the fish pond made people's hands and feet red and swollen from the cold, and it hurt as if they were cut with a knife. After the fish ponds dried up, every household, regardless of male and female, started to carry pond mud and fertilize and plant crops. It was all hard work. As a result, many girls were afraid of carrying pond mud and had no choice but to refuse to marry into Sanhua Village. At that time, young people in Sanhua Village had to spend a lot more money than people in other places if they wanted to marry a daughter-in-law.

Lao Xu later led the masses to the back of the Ancestral Hall of Ziyi Doctor and pointed to a large fish pond behind the ancestral hall. He grew up swimming in this fish pond. When he was four years old, he was thrown into the pond by his mother and forced to learn to swim. The reason was that once a new straw hat at home was blown to the center of the fish pond by the wind, but his father did not know how to swim at all.

Seeing that the new straw hat could not be obtained and eventually sank to the bottom of the pond, her mother was so angry that she threw his son into the pond and forced him to learn to swim. However, learning to swim also brought her childhood. It brought a lot of fun. In summer, she often went to the fish pond with her friends. She was very happy, and her mother no longer had to worry about the straw hat at home being scraped into the water and couldn't get it.

Entering Sanhua Village, unlike many local villages, other villages generally only have one pond in front of the ancestral hall. However, here, you turn a corner and see a large fish pond. The villagers said that this used to be a river passing through the village, and the water source is particularly abundant. The entire village was built along the river. Later, in order to facilitate access and income, the villagers began to build roads and dig fish ponds to raise fish, so the river was cut off and became one large fish pond after another. Each fish pond is at least 10 meters deep, which shows how wide and deep the river was in the past. In front of the entrance of Xu's Grand Ancestral Temple, there is a well. The villagers told us that this well is not a food well, but a wind well.

I heard from the older generation that there used to be an ownerless tomb of foreigners in the river directly in front of the ancestral hall. No matter how high the river rose, the tomb would emerge from the water, which was very evil. At that time, unlucky things always occurred in the village, so the villagers quickly invited a Feng Shui master to resolve them. Mr. Feng Shui asked the villagers to dig a well in front of the ancestral hall, facing the grave.

After sealing the tomb, the tomb no longer "floating head", and the village became peaceful and auspicious from then on. Regardless of whether this legend is true or not, this feng shui well has been left there and is well sealed and protected, giving the villagers a peace of mind when facing things that they cannot understand.

The granite foot and stone platform foundation of Xu Gong Temple in Mo 'an are well preserved. The murals depict various heroic figures. The special-shaped dougong and sparrow tei have been renovated and repainted. There are many murals with the theme of filial piety. Next to Xu Gong Temple in Mo' an is the Xu's Grand Ancestral Temple at No. 13 Zhonghua Street in Huadu District.

The surname Xu mainly comes from the surname Ying, which is a descendant of Ruomu, the son of Boyi, the great-great-grandson of the late Emperor. Because Boyi was meritorious in assisting Dayu in flood control, Emperor Shun not only officially gave him the surname Ying, but also married him his own daughter Yao. Yao later gave birth to two sons, the younger son named Ruomu because of his father's meritorious service, so he was granted the title of Xu (now Si County, Anhui Province) and established the State of Xu. Xu went through three dynasties: Xia, Shang and Zhou, and all existed as vassals. During the Spring and Autumn Period, the State of Xu was defeated by the State of Chu, and its national strength gradually declined. In the eighth year of Zhou Jing, the State of Xu was destroyed by the State of Wu. The descendants of Xu were called the Xu family, taking the State as their surname and passed down from generation to generation.

In the second year of Zhihe of Emperor Renzong of Song Dynasty, Xu Yanbo, whose ancestral home was in Haozhou, Jiangxi Province, lived in Zhuji Lane in Nanxian. His grandchildren Xu Xin and Xu Jian moved south to Guangzhou to set up lectures. Xu Xin's three sons spread branches and leaves in Lingnan. The eldest son, Zong Shan, is Anfang, distributed in Nanhai, Shunde, Dongguan, Zhaoqing, Yangjiang, Xinhui, Heshan, and Kaiping; the second son, Zong Li, is Maozhoufang, distributed in Nanhai, Qingyuan, Sanshui and other places; and the third son, Zong Yuan, is Sanhuafang.

Zong Yuan's descendants were passed down in eight generations. By the ninth generation, the five brothers Xizhi, Hengzhi, Houzhi, Xingzhi, and Xingzhi opened up five branches of the Xu family, and since then they have established the foundation of the Sanhua Xu family including Dahua, Daling, Wuhua, Tea Garden and Datang, and extended to Guangzhou, Nanhai and Heshun De and other places.

Sanhuafang, the third son Zongyuan, has a huge Xu village in Lingnan, which continues a history of glory, tragedy, pride and tolerance intertwined. Sanhua Village consists of 4 economic cooperatives, namely Donghua, Xihua, Zhonghua and Yuanhua, and 18 villager groups. The Beijing-Guangzhou Railway and Wuhan-Guangzhou High-speed Railway pass through the village and have convenient transportation. It is currently one of the larger Xinhua Street in Huadu, Guangzhou. One of the villages in the city.

As the population increased, the population of Sanhua Village gradually increased, and some villagers moved to other places near Sanhua Village. Today, the villagers in Gongyi Village, Dahua Village and Wuhua Village all have the surname Xu. They all originally belonged to Sanhua Village, but later they became independent. What Sanhua Village shows is a vivid form of a typical ancient village in the Pearl River Delta. It is cut into four relatively independent villages by ponds with clear water. Each ancestral temple is built along the water, and the houses are arranged behind it., the rules are full of changes. As the central settlement of the clan, Zhonghua Village, where Xu's Grand Ancestral Hall is located, occupies the center of the four villages, and the other three villages are surrounded.

During the Republic of China, the main water systems in Xinhua area were the Tianma River and the Xinjie River. At that time, the two rivers had broad rivers and deep river beds. They not only provided irrigation water for farmland on both sides of the river, but also had extremely high transportation value. They were located on the east side of the river bank. Sanhua Village is closely related to the Tianma River, and the prosperous custom of dragon boat racing in the village at that time came from it.

According to ancient customs, dragon boats were stored at the bottom of various ponds in the village, soaked in pond water and wrapped in pond mud to isolate the air and last for a long time. The four natural villages of Sanhua Village, Zhonghua, Xihua and Yuanhua, all have their own ponds for storing dragon boats. The black radius of Zhonghua Li is placed in the "Gouyu Pond (named because the pond is dog-legged)" on the southwest side of Xu's Grand Ancestral Temple. The green radius of Donghua Li is placed in the "Dragon Boat Pond (now filled for residential land)" on the east side of Donghua Li, and the white radius of Xihua Li is sunk into the pond south of Xu Gong Temple on Yushan Mountain in Xihua Li.

Before the Dragon Boat Festival every year, Sanhua villagers begin to prepare for the dragon boat race and lift the dragon boat from the bottom of the pond in advance. The advance time depends on the ship's condition. If the dragon boat needs major repairs, it will be taken out one month in advance. If only minor maintenance is needed, it will be taken out half a month in advance. Raising a dragon boat is a major event in the village. The day the dragon boat was unearthed is called "Riding Day". After the dragon boat was erected, the whole village often gathered together to share a feast and enjoy it, and it was called eating "dragon boat rice".

After the dragon boat is lifted out, first wash the sludge and weeds on the boat with pond water in the dragon boat pond, then move it ashore to dry and dry. At the same time, wipe the hull with lard to make the hull shine to prevent oxidation and maintain the wood of the dragon boat. On the other hand, it makes the hull smoother, which can reduce water resistance during rowing. After several days of maintenance, the dragon boat is as bright as new and can be put into the water for training.

Near the Mass Service Center of Sanhua Village today, during the Republic of China, there was a beach full of silt and swamps, allowing dragon boats to pass through. After the dragon boat is taken out and washed, it will be pushed along this tidal flat to the vicinity of Niangma Bridge located on the south side of the current Daifu Temple. When the water level reaches the standard, it can enter the "Shahai (commonly known as Sanhua Village Section of Tianma River)".

As soon as the dragon boat entered the sea, training began. At that time, the dragon boat team generally had flag bearers, helmsmen, drummers, rowers ("chasers"), etc. Two people would be selected to worship the gods, one person would beat the gong, and one person would "jump on the bow". "Jumping the bow" is generally selected from young and strong young people in the village. They are required to have a standard weight, excellent jumping, and full of passion. They can stand on the bow and jump up and down while the dragon boat is advancing.

By using physical strength to increase the rise and fall of the dragon boat's head, the dragon boat can move forward and break the waves with greater strength. Uncle Qu's father, Xu Honghan, was once the helmsman of the Zhonghuali Dragon Fleet in Sanhua Village. At the end of April in the lunar calendar, after the dragon boat team finished training, they were preparing to leave the village and go to another village to participate in the annual dragon boat race.

On the first day of May, Sanhua Village's dragon boats began to go out for cruises. They usually go to Datangbian (now Xinhua Village, Xinhua Street) on the first day to compete with the surrounding villages such as Daling, Xinjie, and Datangbian. Go to Shenshan on the second or third day of the lunar new year, and go to Jianggao Gaotang on the third or fourth day. Sometimes when invited by brothers, they rowed the dragon boat to the provincial capital of Guangzhou and as far as Huadi Bay in Liwan. Due to the long journey, the dragon boat team would prepare meals in advance and place baskets on the dragon boat as food rations on the road. At that time, the Huaxian area also had the name "East/West Ships". People often called dragon boats in the western part of Huaxian County such as Yayao, Daling, Sanhua, Bicun, and Qishan as "West Ships", and called dragon boats along the Liuxi River such as Jiangcun, Banghu, Ya Lake, and Gaozeng as "Donghai Ships". Every year around the Dragon Boat Festival, east and west ships gathered in the Gaotang waters of Jiangcun, Baiyun District to compete with each other, which was very lively.

After cruising around various places, the annual Dragon Boat Festival Dragon Boat Race came to an end. The four dragon boats returned to Sanhua Village and sank into their respective ponds again, waiting for the wind and waves again the next year.

I saw the stone gate of Kanggong Temple in front of the "Goutang". There must be a little-known story behind it. According to several elderly people such as Shi Yan and Xu Qiqu, who love to complain, in the past, there were 8 dragon boats in Xinhua area, of which there were 4 dragon boats in Sanhua Township, namely Donghuali Green Radial, Zhonghuali Black Radial, Xihuali White Radial, Yuanhuali Red Radial. The four dragon boats are famous, and they are still the talk of the old people in the village. Whenever they talk about dragon boats, people can skillfully say "Zhonghua Li Big Belly Black Radius" and "Donghuali Dongchangmen Shalu Radius" and other names.

[Complete Collection of Huang's Ancient Architecture] No. 31387: Kanggong Temple in Sanhua Village is a witness of Sanhua and Four Ranges.

Among the four dragon boats, the Donghuali Green Shaft is the best preserved and is still stored in the Ziyi Dafu Temple in Sanhua Village. The other three boats are either corrupt and damaged or are difficult to trace. It is said that when manufacturing the Zhonghuali Black Radial Shaft, there were not enough manpower and the construction period was urgent. Seeing that the competition was approaching, the villagers rushed the craftsmen to build ships every day. The craftsmen had no choice but to divide the shipbuilding task into two.

Two brothers are responsible for making the dragon boat's tail, and the brother is responsible for making the dragon boat's head. Unexpectedly, the two had different technical levels. The stern made by the younger brother was more exquisite and durable, while the bow made by the older brother was slightly inferior. Moreover, because it was made by the two people, the head and tail were tilted up differently, which affected the strength and speed of the dragon boat. The green radius in Donghuali is different. The hull is made of high-quality Pontianak wood, and the same craftsman is responsible for it from beginning to end. The craftsmanship of the whole ship is integrated, so it is reliable, exquisite and durable.

After 1949, dragon boat rowing activities in Sanhua Village gradually declined, and the competitiveness of dragon boat racing activities continued to decrease. From time to time, we were invited by brothers from other villages to compete. This was also in the name of competition, but in fact, brothers communicated and exchanged feelings. In recent years, with the development of the city, the Tianma River bed has become shallower and the river channel has narrowed, making it no longer suitable for dragon boat racing. Sanhua Village has not held a dragon boat race for decades. However, in the villagers 'accounts, when the dragon boat race was over, the bustling and bustling scenery on both sides of the strait seemed to be right in front of them.

[Emperor's Ancient Architecture Collection] No. 31388: There are brick carvings of various figures at the head of the Xu's Grand Ancestral Temple. It is extremely exquisite. Guihuali is next to it. The Xu's Grand Ancestral Temple is a joint temple of the Xu people in Sanhua Village. It is dedicated to Xu Zongyuan, the founder of Sanhua Village. The temple was built in the early Qing Dynasty and was renovated twice in the 58th year of Qianlong (1793) and the 4th year of Guangxu (1878). Many of the building components of the house also relatively completely reflect the styles of different periods. The stone unicorn, Ao Yu Queti, Piaotou and other building components on the Xiagong Liang all use a kind of stone called "Ya Shi" locally in Guangzhou, which is a widely used building material in the early Qing Dynasty. The wooden beams in the front corridor are made of moon beams, and the bottom of the beams are also carved with exquisite patterns. It was made during the Qianlong period, and the eaves columns of the head door were exquisitely crafted and complex in lines, which had the characteristics of the Guangxu period.

The second entrance to the ancestral hall is a three-door and five-floor brick and stone archway. On it is inscribed by Song Gao, the magistrate of Huaxian County in the fifth year of Qianlong,"Send Dongming" and "Seeking Virtue for Humanity".

According to Huadu people in the book "Duanfang Fa, Xu Juekui, the ancestor of the Xu family in Sanhua Village", in the middle of the Qing Dynasty, a member of the Xu family in Huaxian County once opened a Wuguitang Bookshop in Guangzhou, and the books printed were even exported to Southeast Asia and North America, making it famous for a time. According to Teacher Hu Liping's textual research, the founder of Wuguitang Bookstore may be Xu Dekui, the 23rd ancestor of Sanhua Village. This Xu family member became famous for his time with the Wuguitang Bookstore. The Ziyu Dafu Temple was built by Xu Fangzheng, the 25th ancestor, in memory of his grandfather Xu Dekui. However, many people don't know that Xu Dekui's eldest brother Xu Juekui raised four younger brothers in one hand. It can be said that without Xu Juekui, there would be no future prosperity for this family of Sanhua Xu family.

Sanhua Village's "Xu Family Genealogy" records that Xu Juekui, the 22nd ancestor of the Xu family in Sanhua, was born on April 14th, in the fifteenth year of Qianlong of Emperor Gaozong of the Qing Dynasty. He finally died at the beginning of the third year of Emperor Daoguang of the Qing Dynasty (1823) At 4 o'clock on August 24th, he lived seventy and four years old. At the same time, after his death, the court also posthumously granted him an official position--"He was awarded a ninth-level official, and he was awarded a ninth-level official. In the 20th year of Daoguang, he was awarded a military cavalry officer. He was selected as General Wei Qian. In the sixth year of Tongzhi, he was awarded a doctor Feng Zhi, and he was selected as a candidate for the cabinet secretary, with a four-level increase."

According to Xu's genealogy, Xu Juekui, nicknamed Lin Chang, also known as Juekui, was born in the fifteenth year of Qianlong of Gaozong of the Qing Dynasty (1750). Xu Juekui was a hard-working man. His father, Xu Shi, gave birth to him at the age of twenty-three. In the following years, he gave birth to three younger brothers, Xu Dekui, Xu Zhikui, and Xu Diankui. In the twenty-seventh year of Qianlong (1762), Xu Juekui was twelve years old, and Xu Shi passed away. Soon after, his fifth brother Xu Jiekui was born. The young Xu Juekui was forced to shoulder the important responsibilities of the family and go out to earn money to support his mother and four younger brothers.

There is no record of Xu Juekui's family history in the genealogy. It only summarizes his legend of struggle in the short eight characters of "reading to fulfill filial piety, starting from hard work and thrift", but no one can understand the bitterness in it. Just as a person drinks water, he knows his own warmth. In Xu Juekui's autobiographical poem, he wrote: "Who knows the dangers and worries of life? There is no difference in life. Planning and operation arouse resentment and slander, and the hard work of the callouses laugh at the fool." Thinking about it, he also lamented a lot about his own life experience.

"There are laws in governing the family, and good neighborliness is especially important. All complaints are resolved. As for building pavilions and temples, everyone is happy to advocate it."He is a well-known model parent far and wide. After establishing his career, Xu Juekui began to contribute to his hometown. At that time, the Huaxian area had a "charity warehouse" system. It was originally a good act of accumulating grain and disaster relief. Over time, the management was poor and the warehouse was abandoned. However, the government still required rich households to serve as "warehouse heads" and be responsible for management. This caused trouble. Xu Juekui saw that the "Cangtou" system did more harm than good, and he was worried, so he proposed to the government to abolish the "Cangtou" system. The people in the street applauded and praised it.

At the same time, Xu Juekui was also enthusiastic about clan undertakings. In the eighth year of Jiaqing (1803), he participated in the construction of the Zejiang Ancestral Temple located in the Second Covenant of Longjin in Guangzhou (near today's Longjin Middle Road) to commemorate Xu Zejiang, the ancestor of the Xu family. Ancestral temples could be built in the provincial capital, which shows that Xu Juekui had one of the most influential members of the Xu family in the province at that time. The genealogy records the situation at that time: "The gentry of each house elected the Duke as the prime minister, and all the noble workers and talents were under the Duke's responsibility. Everyone was satisfied." In the eleventh year of Jiaqing (1806), Xu Juekui built the "Zhijun Temple" in the village. This was built by him in accordance with his grandfather's legacy.

In his poem "Notes on the Completion of the Temple Building", he wrote this way,"My grandfather's last words were to build a temple, and I was at his leisure when he was twelve years old. My family is in serious mourning before the end of the staff term, and my ambition attempts to turn me into a sexual obsession. Accumulate a lot into a lot, but prepare a lot that arouses suspicion. Now that we are about sixty years old, who should judge it?"It seems that Xu Juekui had already kept his grandfather's dying wish in mind when he lost his father at the age of twelve.

This memory lasted for decades. After painstaking efforts, he finally built an ancestral temple for his grandfather Xu Zhijun when he was nearly sixty years old. In addition, Xu Juekui also revised the poem for generations to come. According to the genealogy, this famous school of Xu's descendants was "The Kui Dynasty was upright and noble, and the ambition was high in the sky, Baoding Erfu and Suizhi", and the character school was "Yuan Affairs, Loyalty, Succession, and Succession."

Chapter 3099: Destroying the family and burying the loyal bones in the soil, the former site of the Fanhua Branch of the League Conference