All photos in the article were taken by the author of "Touch of Black and White". All rights reserved. Misappropriation without permission is strictly prohibited!

After Yiyuan (Chimelong Wildlife World), we will visit Guangzhou's Liangshan and Sanguan.

In the first article introducing Guangzhou, Guangzhou was mentioned as "Yangcheng". If Xiaoman waist is a majestic landmark of Guangzhou's beautiful modernity, then the stone statue of the Five Sheep that tells the legend of the name "Yangcheng"(see above) is a symbol of the spirit of Guangzhou: as shown in the figure below, the lamb kneeling at the front symbolizes gratitude; the ewes looking back and hoping next to them symbolize kindness; the sheep on the other side is concentrating on grazing symbolizes hard work; there is a sheep behind it that helps it itch symbolizes mutual assistance; The big sheep standing high, its head held high, its horns stretched out into the air, and its mouth held ears of rice with "one stem and six out". It looked back and smiled, visiting the world, symbolizing courage.

Revenge of kindness, kindness, hard work, mutual assistance and courage are the connotations of the stone statues and the spirit of Guangzhou people. At the 16th Asian Games held in Guangzhou in 2010, the image of the Five Rams was used as the emblem and mascot, allowing Guangzhou's image to move towards Asia and the world.

The Wuyang Stone Statue was built in 1959 and was carved from 130 pieces of granite. The image is simple and infectious. In 1989, a story sculpture showing the five immortals giving their ears to the people was added under the stone statue of the Five Rams. Together with the surrounding pavilions, platforms, corridors, squares and other garden sketches, it formed the today's "Five Rams Immortal Court" scenic spot. It is a famous sight that tourists visit.

Wuyang Xianting is located on Yuexiu Mountain. There are seven hills and three artificial lakes here. It is a park with beautiful mountains and clear waters and surrounded by flowers and trees. Yuexiu Park is not only beautiful, but also closely related to Guangzhou's history and culture. Let's take a look at other famous scenery in Yuexiu Mountain.

Entering the mountain road from the south gate of the park, the first landscape you see is the "Monument to Sun Yat-sen's Reading and Administration Office". This was originally the Yuexiu Tower where Sun Yat-sen and Soong Ching Ling lived. In June 1922, Chen Jiongming's troops rebelled and bombarded Yuexiu Tower. In 1930, this monument was built at the Yuexiu Tower site. The monument recorded the names of Sun Yat-sen and 62 guards and their bloody battles with the rebels.

Going up, we come to the "Foshan" stone archway. This archway was built in the sixth year of Daoguang in the Qing Dynasty (1826). It is a granite structure with four pillars, three rooms and one floor. In the third year of Yongle of the Ming Dynasty (1405), Guanyin Pavilion was built on the top of the mountain, which was later changed into a Buddhist temple. The word "Foshan" on the archway came from this.

Not far from the Foshan Archway is the "Ancient Chu Court" stone archway. It was built in the first year of Shunzhi in the Qing Dynasty (1644) and rebuilt in the sixth year of Tongzhi (1867). Legend has it that Guangzhou was once the "Chu Ting", which is the origin of the name of the archway. The back of the archway is engraved with "Yuexiu Qifeng".

Climbing to the top of the mountain, another majestic stone tablet stands tall in front of you. This is the Zhongshan Monument. It was built to commemorate Sun Yat-sen, the pioneer of the revolution. It is 37 meters high. There are ladders revolving up inside the monument, and the full text of Sun Yat-sen's will is engraved with giant granite on the front.

On the way down the mountain, you can see the ancient city wall of Guangzhou. It was built in the 13th year of Hongwu of the Ming Dynasty (1380). It is one of the three major ground monuments in Guangzhou in the early Ming Dynasty (the other two are Zhenhai Tower and the Bell Tower behind Wuxian Temple). The ancient city wall is now only more than 1000 meters above Yuexiu Mountain. It is a historical relic of the northward expansion of Guangzhou's city wall and a historical witness of Guangzhou's revolutionary heroic city.

There is also a Zhenhai Tower on Yuexiu Mountain. It was built in the early Ming Dynasty and has a history of more than 600 years. At that time, Japanese pirates continued to invade the coastal borders of our country. In order to strengthen defense, local officials built Zhenhai Tower on the top of the mountain in the sense of "Xiongzhen Haijiang". Climbing the building and looking out, you can vividly see the scenery of Guangzhou. Now this is the location of the Guangzhou Museum.

Not far from the south side of Yuexiu Park is the Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hall. It was built in 1931. It was originally the former site of the Presidential Palace when Dr. Sun Yat-sen served as interim president in Guangzhou in 1921.

Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hall is an octagonal building with a solemn and grand appearance and strong national characteristics. It is cleverly designed and uses a mixed structure of steel frames and reinforced concrete. There is no column in the building space with a span of 71 meters. In front of the hall, there is a 5-meter-high bronze statue of Dr. Sun Yat-sen.

Cloud and crane tables are built on the east and west sides of the lawn in front of the memorial hall, and the capital has a cloud and crane pattern, which symbolizes auspicious blessings and also expresses people's respect for Mr. Sun Yat-sen.

The Yuexiu Mountain we visited above is the remnant of Baiyun Mountain. Baiyun Mountain is one of the famous mountains in Guangzhou and even southern Guangdong. It has the reputation of "the No. 1 Show in Yangcheng". Next, we will visit Baiyun Mountain.

Baiyun Mountain is located in the northeast of Guangzhou. It is about 4 kilometers wide from east to west and about 7 kilometers long from north to south. It has a broad mountain and consists of more than 30 peaks, including Luhu, Feierling, Santai Ridge, Mingchun Valley, Keziling, Moxing Ridge, Mingzhulou and Heyiling. It takes more than half a day to complete the eight scenic spots.

Enter from the west gate and head east along the tree-lined avenue to reach Plum Blossom Valley. Guangzhou is also known as the "Flower City" because it is located in the subtropical zone and flowers bloom all year round. Although it was late January when I went, Plum Blossom Valley was full of "spring". In the secluded valley of Zhuxi, peach blossoms and plum blossoms bloomed, attracting tourists to stop and enjoy the spring and take photos.

Not far from Plum Blossom Valley is Huangpodong Reservoir. There is a legend here: Huang Daopo, a female textile worker in the Yuan Dynasty, was poor when she was young. She wandered from Shanghai to Yazhou, Hainan, to learn textile technology from the Li people. Decades later, Huang Daopo turned from a young girl to an old woman and was homesick, so she embarked on her way back to her hometown. On the way, she passed through Guangzhou and saw that this place was poor and backward. She lived in Baiyun Mountain for a while and taught textile technology to the local people. In order to express their admiration and nostalgia for Huang Daopo, people called this place "Huangpo Cave".

It is surrounded by mountains on three sides and by water on one side. There are tall metasequoia by the water, which are brightly colored and fascinating.

There is a Pearl Tower on the south side of Huangpodong Reservoir. It was first built in the early years of the Republic of China. When warlord Chen Jitang ruled Guangdong, he turned this place into a summer retreat for his concubine Mo Xiuying to stay during the summer. Due to the poor security in the area, few tourists came here, resulting in damage to the building, leaving only ruins and broken walls. After reconstruction after liberation, you can now enjoy the scenery from afar and feel the influence of lakes and mountains.

(Overlooking the lakes and mountains)

Not far from the south of Mingzhu Tower, you come to the Peach Blossom Stream. The landscape here is built based on Tao Yuanming's "Peach Blossom Spring". There are rich plant communities mainly composed of peach blossoms in the park, complemented by simple and natural pavilions. buildings. Peach blossoms are clustered on Peach Blossom Island, the cliff stone carvings are exquisite, and the green mountains and clear waters are like a paradise. The "Taoyuan Heralds Spring" here is one of the eight scenic spots in Yunshan Mountain.

Continue south to reach the highest peak of Baiyun Mountain-Mount Xing Ling.

The Moxing Mountains are 382 meters above sea level. Standing on the summit, you can enjoy the charm of "White clouds fly above Baiyun Mountain and white clouds below Baiyun Mountain" on rainy days, which is also the origin of Baiyun Mountain's name; on sunny days, look up and look around the peaks of Baiyun Mountain. The top is green and green, and the trees are verdant. The mountain flowers are blooming; as far as you can see, high-rise buildings are dotted, and the Pearl River winds through the thousands of miles of plains from west to east, giving you a panoramic view of the "Southern Gate of the Motherland".

It was foggy when I went. The Pearl River and the buildings were shrouded in white fog, and the scenery was a little unsatisfactory.

On the way down the mountain, we passed through the Guangzhou Stele Forest, where nearly 300 stele inscriptions were collected, including poems and calligraphy masterpieces written by celebrities, modern poets, and calligraphers from past dynasties praising the scenery of Lingnan, Yangcheng, and Baiyun Mountain, demonstrating the splendid culture of the Chinese nation.

Moving forward, we came to the Yellow River Stone Square in Yunshan Lianquan Scenic Area. The stone tablet on one side of the square introduced the origin of Chinese civilization and the general situation of the Yellow River. The introduction wrote that "There are three direct sources of Chinese civilization, namely, the Yellow River civilization, the Yangtze River civilization and the Northern Grassland Civilization." It is still kind to see the Yellow River civilization in the north in the scenic scenery of Guangzhou where the Pearl River flows.

In the flower pond not far from the Yellow River Stone, there is a strangely shaped rock at the bottom of the Three Gorges River. It is one of the three huge rocks that rose from the foundation pit of the second-phase cofferdam after the Three Gorges Project achieved the closure of the river in 1997. The stone has bright color and round edges and corners. It is shaped like white clouds and mountains, making people think.

Next to the Yangtze River Stone is Yunding Square, which consists of two parts: a sightseeing platform and a night-watching pavilion. It is mainly famous for watching the sun setting in the west and the night scene. As early as the Yuan Dynasty, this place was one of the eight scenic spots in Yangcheng where you can watch the lights of thousands of homes and the fishing fires of the Pearl River. In the evening, you can see the colorful sunset from standing in the Evening Watching Pavilion. Looking away from the railing, you can see the mist and mist, giving people the beauty of "not wanting to leave the sunset to leave the world".

(The Wangwan Pavilion overlooks the Guangzhou skyline, and the Twin Towers and Xiaomanyao stand out among the chickens)

Further south, we came to Zheng Xianyan. It is said that during the late Qin Dynasty, the alchemist Zheng Anqi traveled to Baiyun Mountain in southern Guangdong and lived in seclusion here. One year, the plague was raging. In order to save the people, An Qi went up the mountain to collect immortal grass and nine-section calamus. However, he accidentally slipped and fell onto the cliff. Suddenly, he heard the sound of a crane. Between the cliffs, a white crane carrying An Qi soared into the sky. After flying around Baiyun Mountain for a week, it headed towards the east. In order to commemorate him, posterity built a "Zheng Xian Temple" in the place where he ascended to an immortal, and designated the seventh month of the lunar calendar. The day of An riding a crane to ascend to an immortal is the" Zheng Xian Birthday". Every year on Christmas Day, thousands of people spontaneously climb mountains to worship Zheng Xian, which is extraordinary and has become a traditional folk festival in Guangzhou-"Zheng Xian's Birthday".

Sculptures showing Zheng Xian's hanging pot to help the world:

All the way south from Zheng Xianyan, through a dense jungle and a beautifully shaped lawn, we arrived at Nengren Temple.

Nengren Temple was built by Monk Yin Jian in the fourth year of Daoguang of the Qing Dynasty (1824). At that time, there were only a few rafters of thatched houses. Later, it was built one after another. By the Guangxu Period, it had become the largest Buddhist temple in Baiyun Mountain. From top to bottom, there were Ciyun Hall, Ganlu Spring, Daxiong Hall, Hupao Spring, Sixth Ancestral Hall, Yuhong Pond, stone bridge, archway and other buildings. The layout is well organized and form a colorful picture with the surrounding mountains and rivers.

I saw a cliff stone carving in the temple and thought it was the word "sheep". After reading the introduction next to it, it turned out to be the word "tiger". In the 24th year of Guangxu of the Qing Dynasty, general general Liu Yongfu led the old troops of the Black Flag Army to camp in Guangzhou. On the Double Ninth Day, he took his colleagues to visit Baiyun Mountain. He climbed the peak and looked into the distance. He was deeply moved by the times. After returning to the camp, he wrote this strange word "tiger", and his subordinates carved it on the rock wall of Nengren Temple.

On the east side of Nengren Temple is the Pugu Scenic Area, where streams are gurgling, green grass is green, and the environment is beautiful and elegant, making people forget to leave. Beside the stream are sculptures by Zheng Xian picking medicine and Su Shi and Deng Shichang. Zheng Xian's story has been introduced above. Deng Shichang was a native of Guangfu, Guangdong, a patriotic general and national hero of the Beiyang Navy in the late Qing Dynasty. He commanded the "Zhiyuan" ship heroically during the Sino-Japanese War of 1894 - 1894, and finally died in his life for the country. Su Shi was demoted to Huizhou, Guangdong Province in the Shao Shengyuan Year of the Northern Song Dynasty (1094), where he wrote more than 100 poems. Among them,"Eating 300 lychees a day, never refusing to become a Lingnan native" has become a famous line that will last forever.

There is a Yuntai Garden at the southern foot of Baiyun Mountain. As the garden of the Flower City, Yuntai Garden is the largest garden-style garden in the country. The famous trees here are unique in shape, flowers bloom all year round, and many elegant and novel scenic spots are scattered among the lakes and mountains where European customs blend with Oriental gardens.

The building in the picture below is a glass greenhouse in the garden, shaped like an orchid. It contains some cactus and succulent plant areas, palm plants areas and fine orchids areas, just like a pocket tropical botanical garden.

Various cactus:

Beautiful orchids:

There are also many bright flowers outdoors. The picture below shows various roses:

The picture below is the red acacia:

In addition to the beautiful flowers, the garden also displays various civilizations, ancient and modern, and Chinese and foreign countries and commemorates the friendship of international friends, which is also quite interesting.

Rock paintings of ancient people:

The sculpture below is called "Europe. Asia "was donated to Guangzhou by the city of Yekaterinburg, Russia in 2012 to commemorate the 10th anniversary of the two cities becoming sister cities. The prototype of the sculpture is a Eurasian boundary pillar located in the district of Yekaterinburg.

The following sculpture was donated to Guangzhou City by Auckland City, new Zealand in 2004 to commemorate the 15th anniversary of the sister city relationship between the two cities. The shape symbolizes Auckland citizens 'love for the surrounding ocean and local vegetation.

The picture below shows the Roman colonnade on the bank of Yan Lake:

After seeing the natural beauty of the two mountains, let's go to the third museum to appreciate Guangzhou's history and humanities.

There are some cities in China where "face values" are too fashionable and beautiful, which makes it easy for people to ignore their historical connotations. It is like meeting a beautiful woman or handsome guy and stunning her face and figure, but you can't think of it or don't have time to. If you understand it in depth, you will only leave a beautiful "skin".

Such cities include Shanghai, Chongqing... There is also Guangzhou introduced today. They are all famous historical and cultural cities. The significance of Shanghai and Chongqing has been shared earlier. Guangzhou is the birthplace of Guangfu culture. As the capital of Guangdong, it is also a gathering area for Lingnan culture. To understand these cultures, the Guangdong Province Museum, the Chen Family Temple and the Western Han Dynasty Nanyue King Museum are must-see attractions.

Without saying much, I entered the museum and took a closer look.

[Guangdong Province Museum]

The Guangdong Province Museum is located in the Cultural and Art Square in the south of the central area of Zhujiang New City, the central axis of Guangzhou's new city. It looks like a carefully carved ancient opencut box. In the previous introduction to Guangzhou landmarks, its shadow has already appeared.

(Please view horizontally)

This "treasure box" contains many treasures: traditional handicrafts such as Duan inkstones, Chaozhou wood carvings, Guangcai porcelain, Shiwan pottery sculptures, and Guangzhou tooth carvings with local characteristics of Guangdong, as well as collections that reflect Guangdong's local history, culture and folk customs. Various collections allow us to have a comprehensive understanding of Guangdong's history from exhibitions such as "Art of Earth and Fire","Purple Stone Congealing Ying", and "Essence of Lacquer Wood".

After entering the door, you can see several groups of Guangdong specialty handicrafts in the lobby. For example, the Jiulong Xiangyun Zhengde plate shown below belongs to Guangcai porcelain:

Guangcai gave a brief introduction in the article "Jingdezhen", but here is a little more in-depth: Guangcai is the abbreviation of Guangzhou Golden-Weaving Colored Porcelain or Guangzhou Colored Porcelain. It is a variety of overglaze colored painted porcelain produced specially for export in the Qing Dynasty. At that time, in order to adapt to the needs of export, the plain porcelain blanks fired in Jingdezhen were transported to Guangzhou, painted according to the needs of foreign businessmen, and then baked at 700-750 ° C. It began between the Kangkang and Yongzhou in the Qing Dynasty and flourished in Qianlong and Jiaqing. It has been passed down from generation to generation in the Qing Dynasty and has been passed down to this day.

The picture below belongs to the Shiwan pottery sculpture:

Shiwan pottery, also known as "Guangjun", was the main product of the famous Shiwan kiln in ancient Guangdong. The kiln site was in Shiwan, Foshan. The biggest feature of Shiwan kiln products is that they are good at imitating famous kilns, of which Fanjun is the most famous. Shiwan pottery, with its beautiful and vulgar themes and shapes, exaggerated and vivid artistic techniques, and mainly to show dynamic beauty. It is close to life and the public. It sells well in Guangdong and Guangxi and is sold overseas. It is a wonderful work of Lingnan Pottery Garden.

The boy worshiping Guanyin in the picture below belongs to Guangzhou Jade Carving:

Guangzhou jade carving has a history of thousands of years. It reached its peak in the 1930s. Today, Changshou Road is still home to the largest jewelry and jade market in the south. Guangyu is mostly made of emerald jade, often using embossed technology. The decoration is mainly composed of melons and fruits, flowers and birds, dragons and phoenixes, Guanyin, Buddha statues, Fu Lu Shou, etc. It pays attention to the natural texture and color of the jade material, and measures the materials and materials to make it seem like natural nature. The unique style of Guangzhou jade carving ranks among the four major schools of Chinese jade carving with the jade carving craftsmanship of Beijing, Yangzhou and Shanghai.

In addition to the sporadic craft exhibits in the hall, there is a special exhibition hall in the museum to introduce traditional Guangdong crafts. Let's go to the Chaozhou Wood Carving Exhibition Hall to find out first.

The previous article introduced that the Han people in Guangdong are divided into three major ethnic groups: Guangfu, Hakka and Chaoshan. Chaozhou wood carving is a wonderful flower in Chaoshan culture.

Chaozhou wood carving is one of the traditional Chinese wood carving schools. It is popular in the old Chaozhou prefectures of eastern Guangdong such as Chaozhou, Chaoan, Raoping, Puning, Shantou, Chenghai, Chaoyang, Jieyang, Jiexi, and Huilai. Chaozhou wood carvings are famous for their richness, complexity, exquisiteness, exquisitely transparent, and resplendent characteristics. They rank among the four famous carvings in China. Because the surface is mostly painted with lacquer and gold after the carving is completed, it is also called "golden lacquer wood carving".

The picture below shows the carved crab basket:

Crab baskets are an important theme in Chaozhou wood carving. At first, crab baskets were just decorations on building beams. Later, people developed round carved crab baskets based on semi-side crab baskets, and gradually became independent furnishings. The work above is carved from a whole piece of camphor wood. There are ten crabs of different shapes. They are exquisitely carved and beautiful in shape. They have won the bronze medal of the "World Youth Festival Art Expo".

The following picture shows the birthday screen (part) of the golden lacquer painting of Bin style:

The birthday screen is divided into 12 screens. Each screen contains birthday messages, flowers, inscriptions arched birthday, character stories, etc., all decorated with gold lacquer paintings, reflecting the peaceful rural life and the beautiful scene of people living and working in peace and contentment. The scenery is broad, the characters are vivid, the scenes are delicate, and it has strong artistic appeal. It is a masterpiece in Chaozhou wood carving art.

The following picture shows the hall of Chaoshan folk houses. It is the Yongqing Hall of Lin's in Chaozhou during the Republic of China:

In Yongqingtang, you can see the furniture furnishings and architectural decorations of Chaoshan folk houses. You can see that gold lacquer wood carvings are used to decorate doors, beams, windows, screens and other homes. The carved beams and painted buildings are magnificent. The most precious one is the shrine on several tables in the hall. The shrine is 3.28 meters high. It is carefully crafted and has extraordinary style. It is one of the tallest and most exquisite shrines ever seen and has been selected for the special exhibition of "National Treasures".

The picture below shows the golden lacquer wood carvings full of excitement:

Full Hall is a sacrificial instrument, shaped like a flat bottle. The exterior is decorated with embossed flowers and birds, Bogu and other patterns. A wooden pillar is inserted in the middle, and a tin plate is placed on the pillar. It is used to hold candles during sacrifice. It is usually placed at both ends of the incense table. During sacrifice, the candle is held high and the house is full of red, so it is called "full of red".

Golden lacquer wood carving Ruyi:

The picture below is a rectangular food box for characters, flowers and birds:

The food box is an object used to hold sacrifices during sacrificial activities in Chaoshan area. It is generally composed of three parts: a base, a box cover and a fruit plate. It is usually displayed on several tables in the hall. During the sacrifice, the food box is placed in front of the shrine, the box cover is opened, and the base and the fruit plate are stacked on the box cover, and the fruit supply is placed on the table to worship the ceremony. In addition to food boxes and full houses, divine pavilions, divine sedan chairs, candlesticks and other divine artifacts are also used in sacrificial activities in Chaoshan, all decorated with gold lacquer wood carvings.

The picture below shows the carvings of Bogu Gate and is the architectural decoration:

The techniques of Chaozhou wood carving are divided into round carving and general carving. Round carving is a three-dimensional carving that can be appreciated on all four sides of the object shape. General carving absorbs the strengths of sunken carving, embossed, round carving and painting. The object shape is arranged in multiple levels, and the parts outside the object shape penetrate through the whole body, with a spectacular effect.

After watching the wood carving, we went to see the Duan inkstone.

Duan inkstone is famous because it was produced in ancient Duanzhou (now Zhaoqing, Guangdong). It is praised as the first of the famous inkstones because of its exquisite stone quality, dazzling stone quality, ease of ink production, storage of water without consumption, and excellent appreciation and use. Making inkstones from Duan stone began in the Tang Dynasty. After 1400 years of inheritance from generation to generation, the profound traditional cultural connotation carried by Duan inkstones has been extended.

Come and appreciate some Duan inkstones with good shape and meaning:

The picture below shows the four-spirit upright inkstone: there are traditional patterns on the inkstone such as green dragon, white tiger, black turtle, rosefinch, dragon head bat, and auspicious cloud, which imply good luck, full of auspicious qi, and five blessings.

Duanshi Yunhai Rising Sun Inkstone: Produced during the Qianlong period of the Qing Dynasty, it is a kind of green stone inkstone.

Duanshi Dongpo Li inkstone during the Daoguang period of the Qing Dynasty:

Duanshi fish-shaped inkstone during the Daoguang period of the Qing Dynasty:

Contemporary inkstones outside Duanshi Mountain, Green Mountain, Building and Building:

In addition to Guangcai and Shiwan pottery, the museum also collects other famous porcelain from ancient times to the present. Next, move to the ceramics exhibition hall to appreciate ceramic art.

The collision of water, soil and fire has produced a colorful ceramic culture. Porcelain is an important contribution of the Chinese nation to world civilization. As early as the Neolithic Age, our ancestors learned to make and use pottery. Mature blue glaze porcelain was fired during the Eastern Han Dynasty and developed through successive dynasties. During the Ming and Qing Dynasties, my country's porcelain industry developed to its peak. At least during the Tang Dynasty, my country began to export a large number of ceramics. The routes from the East China Sea and South China Sea to various continents have all witnessed this glory. These overseas trade channels are called the "Ceramic Roads".

Let's take a look at the famous porcelain (pottery) of the past dynasties:

Neolithic half-mountain type five-circle-pattern double-ear colored pottery jar:

Henan Lushan Kiln Black Glazed Colored Can (Tang Dynasty):

Jizhou Kiln Black Glazed and Stripped "Tianqing Temple" Gallbladder Bottle (Song Dynasty):

Cizhou Kiln Peacock Green Glaze Character Pattern Plum Bottle (Yuan):

Chaozhou Kiln White-Glazed Guanyin Statue (Ming Dynasty):

Chaozhou Kiln Dui Decal Melon-shaped Pot (Ming):

Peacock green glaze three-color official jade pot with official pattern spring bottle (Qing Dynasty):

Pan Qu Bowl with Guangcai Character Pattern (Qing Dynasty):

Huang Bing of Shiwan Kiln Plastic Golden Cat (Qing Dynasty): Huang Bing was a famous Shiwan pottery sculptor in the middle and late Qing Dynasty. He was good at making pottery sculptures of birds, animals and figures.

Shiwan Kiln "Huojin" Fetal Hair Duck (Qing Dynasty):

Guangcai gold Dutch article pattern plate (Qing Dynasty):

In addition to ceramics, inkstones and wood carvings, the "Guangdong Historical and Cultural Exhibition" and the "Guangdong Province Natural Resources Exhibition" are also permanent exhibitions in the museum. They systematically introduce Guangdong's history and nature. For reasons of length, some important historical events and cultural relics are selected for display.

The five ridges are beautiful, and the rivers and seas are beautiful. Guangdong is the center of Lingnan culture, the birthplace of the Maritime Silk Road, the source of modern democratic revolution, and the pioneer of reform and opening up. Guangdong's historical and cultural display includes "The Origin of South Guangdong","Sailing the World","Carrying on the Past and Opening Up the Future" and "Guangdong Sea" The four parts of "The Beacon Fire" show Guangdong's unique historical and cultural features.

(Goods from the ancient Silk Road on the Sea)

The picture below shows a bronze vessel with gilded flowers, leaves, birds and fish patterns from the Southern Dynasties. The shape and decoration are unique, reflecting the cultural exchanges between Guangzhou and Central and West Asia.

In the middle of the Ming Dynasty, Italian missionary Matteo Ricci came to Guangdong and opened the prelude to the eastward spread of Western learning. With the successive arrival of Western missionaries eastward, European religion, science, music, technology and concepts were continuously introduced to Guangdong, and this influenced the mainland. The cultural relics below reflect this history.

Red sandalwood instruments of the Republic of China:

Navigation instrument sextant:

Navigation telescope:

Blue and white Bible story characters flap plate:

After Qianlong implemented the "one-port trade" policy in the Qing Dynasty, Guangzhou became the only foreign trade port in the country. A commercial bank specializing in foreign trade was established in Guangzhou. This is the famous 13 Guangzhou Lines. The number of commercial firms is not an exact number. In the 18th year of Jiaqing and the 17th year of Daoguang, there were exactly thirteen firms, so they were conventionally called "Thirteen Banks". After the establishment of the Thirteenth Line, Guangzhou became a Sino-Western trade center during the heyday of the Qing Dynasty, an important source of government tax revenue, and a transit point for talents familiar with Western studies. China's murals, tea sets, silverware, fans and other goods are sold to foreign countries through thirteen lines.

Export paintings:

The picture below shows Kaiping Diaolou and Village located in Kaiping City, Jiangmen, Guangdong. This is the first world cultural heritage site in Guangdong Province. There are 1833 existing Diaolou in Kaiping, most of which were built in the 1920s and 1930s. They are multi-storey tower-style buildings that integrate defense, residence and Chinese and Western architectural styles. They reflect the history of overseas Chinese, the humanistic and social form of the blending of Chinese and Western cultures, and rural customs.

Sun Yat-sen once said: "The reason why Guangdong is important to the country is not because of its convenient terrain, but because of the people's strong enterprising spirit; not because of its material progress, but because of the people's bravery in patriotism." The Opium War, the Reform Movement, the Revolution of 1911, the cooperation between the Kuomintang and the Communist Party... Lin Zexu, Kang Youwei, Liang Qichao, Sun Yat-sen... In modern Guangdong, there was a surge of wind and clouds, and heroes gathered together. They made world-renowned contributions to saving the nation from danger and promoting social progress.

In the second year after the outbreak of the Anti-Japanese War, the Japanese army began to invade South China. Guangdong's anti-Japanese soldiers fought bloody battles to relieve difficulties and save the country, resisting and containing about one-seventh of the Japanese invaders.

(Captured Japanese spoils)

The Guangdong Natural Resources Exhibition displays Guangdong's animal and plant resources, minerals and jade, terrain and climate, etc. This article cannot be exhaustive, but also selects some interesting ones to share with everyone.

Guangdong Province is located in tropical and subtropical regions. It has a south subtropical and tropical monsoon climate type, and is rich in light, heat and water resources. The average annual temperature rises from 19℃ to above 24℃ from north to south. The average annual precipitation in most areas is 1,500 - 2,000 mm. The climate is warm, the rainfall is abundant, and the seasons are evergreen. Guangdong's landforms are complex and diverse, with most of them mountains and hills, followed by terraces and plains. Rivers and lakes are interspersed in them. The coastline of Guangdong's mainland is 3,368.1 kilometers long, ranking first in the country. The total length of the Pearl River is 2129 kilometers, making it the third largest river in China. Guangzhou is also rich in animal and plant resources. There are 829 species of terrestrial vertebrates and 281 species of freshwater fish. Among the 22 species of South China tiger, clouded leopard, bear monkey, and Chinese white dolphin are listed as first-level protected animals. There are 7055 wild vascular plants. In terms of mineral resources, Guangdong is bordered by Nanling in the north and South China Sea in the south, and has good metallogenic conditions. So far, 149 kinds of minerals have been discovered, with relatively complete types, especially among non-ferrous metals, rare metals, rare earth metals and non-metallic minerals. It is one of the provinces with abundant mine resources in my country.

Dinosaur bones unearthed in Guangdong: Dinosaur bones, dinosaur eggs, and dinosaur footprint fossils were unearthed in Heyuan and Nannong respectively. Heyuan also won the Guinness World Record of "World's Largest Dinosaur Egg Collection" for the unearthed of more than 10,000 dinosaur egg fossils.

The following picture shows the beryl cat's eye: the arc-shaped gemstone presents a shining light band under the light, like the eyes of a cat, which is called the "cat's eye effect"; this effect is because the gemstone contains a large number of needle-like and filamentary rutile or hollow pipe inclusions arranged in parallel. The finer the inclusions are arranged, the more content, the more opaque the gemstone, and the more obvious the cat's eye effect.

Tiger Eye Stone Cat Eye:

Starlight Furong Stone:

Starlight pyroxene:

The picture below shows a jade product-a jade carved imperial poetry bowl during the Qianlong period of the Qing Dynasty:

Guangning Jade Carved Chicken: It is so vivid that some people in the audience drool while looking at it.

In addition to the above five permanent exhibitions, when I visited, the museum also held temporary exhibitions such as "Tang-Fan Ancient Road-Joint Exhibition of Fine Cultural Relics in Seven Provinces and Regions" and "Overseas Shopping Life in the Republic of China-Foreign Goods Trend in Guangdong in the Early 20th Century". Let's take a look at some precious cultural relics on the temporary exhibition.

At the beginning of the seventh century AD, Tang and Tubo established close relations, and the ancient Tang-Tibetan road from Chang 'an in the Tang Dynasty to Luoxie in Tubo (now Lhasa) was formed, showing "gold, jade and Qi embroidery, exchanges of relics, roads facing each other, and endless joy". The Tang-Fan Ancient Road has a total length of more than 3000 kilometers and spans modern Shaanxi, Gansu, Qinghai, Xizang and other provinces. It has been an important road from the Central Plains to Qinghai, Xizang, even Nepal, India and other places since the Tang Dynasty. It is also a bridge to maintain national sentiments and promote exchanges and integration of different folk customs. The "Tang-Tibet Ancient Road" exhibition reproduces the beautiful scenery of exchanges in ancient times.

The black-glazed and double-edged peony flower flat pot in the picture below was originally collected in the Ningxia Museum and is a cultural relic of the Western Xia Dynasty:

Tang Dynasty silver boots collected by the Ancient Road Museum in Huangyuan County, Qinghai Province: Tang Dynasty litterateur Linghu Chu once wrote the poem "Youth Journey", which wrote,"The bow back is shining with the sun and the sword shines on the frost, and the autumn wind leads out of Xianyang. The land of Hehuang has not been collected by the emperor, and I don't plan to look back at my hometown."The Hehuang is in today's Qinghai.

The Tang Dynasty silver gilt gold and flying horse pattern wrapped gold ornaments collected by the Ancient Road Museum in Huangyuan County, Qinghai Province: Princess Wencheng entered Tibet in 640, and Princess Jincheng entered Tibet in 707. They all passed through Qinghai. Qinghai has their footprints and stories. There are also many cultural relics from the Tang Dynasty telling the grand occasion of the ancient Tubo road.

Gawu of the Qing Dynasty collected in the Xizang Museum: Gawu is a precious chest decoration of Tibetan women. It is often made of turquoise, coral and dzi beads. It not only reflects the family's financial ability, but also shows the hostess's ingenuity. It is a very popular jewelry in Xizang.

The "Overseas Life in the Republic of China" exhibition feels like an old movie full of emotions. The exhibits all come from the era when a large number of Western products were dumped into Guangdong in the early 20th century. It was a short and legendary era. For decades, Chinese and Western life blended here, food, clothing, housing and transportation were constantly novel. Huayang products became a unique cultural symbol of that era. To this day, the aesthetics formed by the intersection of China and the West during that period is still a retro fashion.

The picture below shows a Danish telephone: This wall-mounted telephone was one of the popular imported telephones from the late 19th century to the 1930s.

British automatic piano playing in the 1930s:

Agfa PD16 camera: Agfa (AGFA) was one of the major camera import brands during the Republic of China.

Kodak movie projector from the 1920s:

Seagull 203 folding camera produced in Shanghai: In the 1960s, Shanghai Camera Factory began to develop domestic advanced SLR cameras. In 1967, it successfully developed my country's first advanced SLR camera; the 203 model was one of the best-selling camera products at that time.

[Chen Family Temple]

The Chenjia Temple, also known as the "Chen Academy", was built in the 14th year of Guangxu of the Qing Dynasty (1888) and completed in the 19th year of Guangxu (1893). The Chen surname is the largest surname in Guangdong. The Chen Clan Temple is a joint ancestral temple jointly donated by the Chen Clan in various counties in Guangdong during the Qing Dynasty. It also provides temporary accommodation for the Chen Clan's children to go to Guangzhou City to prepare for imperial examinations, candidates, litigation and other matters.

The Chenjia Temple is the largest existing traditional Lingnan ancestral hall building in Guangdong. It is beautifully decorated and well preserved. It consists of 19 individual buildings, large and small. The halls are majestic, the space is spacious, the corridors are beautiful, and the courtyard is elegant. It integrates the culmination of Guangdong's folk architectural decoration art. It cleverly uses decorative techniques such as wood carving, stone carving, gray sculpture, pottery sculpture, and color painting on architectural components. It has a wide range of themes, vivid shapes, rich colors, and superb skills. It is a dazzling hall of folk decorative art., known as the "Pearl of Lingnan Architectural Art". Guo Moruo praised him: "Heaven workers can replace them, but heaven knows no one. Sure enough, building the world is better than reading for ten years."

(Pottery decoration on the door wall)

In 1959, the Chen Academy was turned into the Guangdong Folk Arts and Crafts Museum. The museum contains ceramics, embroidery, carvings and other handicrafts that reflect Lingnan folk customs. Nowadays, the exquisite architectural decoration art and the fine folk crafts of Guangdong dynasties are combined together to complement each other. It is really a folk aesthetic journey that must not be missed when coming to Guangzhou.

The picture below shows the Guangzhou wood carving-Shenlou displayed in the main hall. It is the most precious and gorgeous cultural relic in the museum.

This divine building is a divine article used to hold the gods and seat them. It is a precious physical evidence reflecting the annual "Hong Shengwang's Meeting" in the Eighteen Township of Gangwei Society, Panyu in the Qing Dynasty. This divine building consists of about 150 wooden components. It is huge in size, complete in structure, exquisite craftsmanship and magnificent in momentum. The painted decorations on it are taken from patterns with auspicious connotations, opera stories and folklore, reflecting the aesthetic taste and value orientation of folk art in the late Qing Dynasty, and have high cultural relics value and unique artistic value.

The picture below shows the decorative component iron-cast flower balustrade: The iron-cast decoration of the Chen Family Temple absorbs the characteristics of the decorative art of Western courtyard buildings. The iron-cast flower balustrade on the platform is divided into four groups, the contents are "Kirin Phoenix Sending Jade Book","Dragon Playing with Pearl","Sanyang Qitai", and "Full of Gold and Jade". They are dignified in color, exquisite in composition, and profound in meaning. They are extremely rare in traditional Guangdong buildings.

The following picture shows the Jupiter-style gable in the Chaoshan area: In the vernacular buildings in the Chaoshan area, the style and decoration of gable walls are deeply influenced by the theory of the five elements, and have evolved into five basic styles: Venus, Jupiter, Saturn, Mercury, and Mars. Among them, the Jupiter-style gable wall has a "garden head and a straight body", and the top of the wall is a concave arc, and both ends of the arc form upturned sharp corners. The decorative meaning is rich. Bats, longevity peaches, and pine trees symbolize blessing, harmony is used to symbolize grand development, and the eagle symbolize great achievements. It is in the middle of the "blessing of heaven officials"(commonly known as the crown picture). It means promotion of officials.

The picture below shows a Manchurian window with blue cars and flowers and birds in the four seasons:

The following picture shows the study room of a traditional home in Guangzhou: the desk is decorated with the four treasures of the study room, and the ancient cabinet is decorated with the owner's treasures; when you walk into the study room, you burn a stove of sandalwood, wrap it around the pavilion, and play with the treasures. It is wonderful.

The picture below is Guangzhou's ivory carving art-birthday lantern: Guangzhou's ivory carving process has a long history, dating back to the Western Han Dynasty more than 2,000 years ago. In the tomb of the King of Nanyue in the Western Han Dynasty, cultural relics such as ivory calculation chips and residual tooth carving utensils were unearthed. From the Qing Dynasty to the Republic of China, Guangzhou was a Sino-foreign trade hub, and the ivory carving industry flourished, producing a large number of exquisite court tributes and export art that were widely popular in overseas markets.

Jade Yunlong Ball:

A bumper harvest of sugarcane from Shiwan pottery sculpture reflecting a moderately prosperous life:

The sculpture reflecting Lingnan folk customs and the prosperity of Guangzhou's commerce is huge:

In addition to the above, there are also displays of colored porcelain, Guangzhou embroidery, Chaozhou embroidery, wood carving, Duan inkstones, paper-cutting and other handicrafts in the Chenjia Temple. The content is rich and the exhibits are exquisite. If friends travel to Guangzhou, they can enjoy them on the spot. Next, we went to the Western Han Dynasty Nanyue King Museum to experience the ancient mystery and glory of Guangzhou.

[Western Han Dynasty Nanyue King Museum]

In 1983, the tomb of Zhao Yuzhi, the second king of Nanyue State, was discovered in Guangzhou. It is well preserved and is the earliest painted stone chamber tomb discovered in the Han Dynasty.

More than 10,000 cultural relics were unearthed in the tomb, which reflects the political, economic and cultural development of Nanyue State more than 2,000 years ago. Let's take a look at its style from the cultural relics in the collection.

A large number of treasures, daily utensils and fifteen martyrs were buried in the tomb of the King of Nanyue, which fully reflected the funeral concept of "death as life" at that time, as well as the fact that Nanyue's political system imitated the Qin and Han Dynasties, leapfrog economic development, and cultural diversity The characteristics of the times truly reproduce the basic features of South Vietnamese society.

The most eye-catching cultural relic in the museum is the following silk jade garment: the tomb owner wore a silk jade garment, a pearl pillow on his head, a pearl ball in his mouth, and a "cover" and "pearl ru" were covered on his head and chest. 47 pieces of jade were unearthed inside and outside the coffin, and a relatively complete pearl jade burial was implemented. The ancients used pearl jade burial to prevent the corpse from decaying and guide the soul to ascend to heaven.

Teeth and skull of the tomb owner: In addition to the body of the tomb owner, 15 martyrs were also found in the tomb. Among them, 4 were wives of the King of Nanyue, 1 was a retainer, and the remaining 10 were servants. These cultural relics are important for the study of the official positions, harem and funeral systems of Nanyue State. It is of great significance and value.

The picture below shows a rhinoceros horn-shaped jade cup: In the Han Dynasty, it was believed that the rhinoceros horn-shaped wine cup could dissolve poison. The body of the cup was carved with a pike-billed Kui dragon. The dragon head was shallow embossed, and the dragon body gradually protruded into high embossed. The bottom of the cup was a round carving. Various carving techniques were combined, making it a unique product of Han jade.

The picture below shows a jade pendant carved with dragon and phoenix patterns with heavy rings: the jade pendant is divided into inner and outer rings, the inner ring is carved with a wandering dragon, the dragon claws extend out of the ring, and the outer ring is carved with a phoenix bird. Standing on the dragon claws, the composition is perfect and the craftsmanship is exquisite. It is highly romantic and realistic in the Han Dynasty. It is an artistic treasure among Han jade and was selected as the emblem of the Museum of the King of Nanyue in the Western Han Dynasty.

The picture below shows the Bronze Tiger Festival with an engraved gold inscription: The festival is an ancient token used in military affairs, diplomacy, customs and Tianjin, postal stations, etc. There are five words on this festival: "The King's Life, the Chariot", which is a certificate to carry out the King's Life.

Bronze mirrors with six mountains patterns: The use of bronze mirrors in Lingnan is a custom brought by the Qin people. In addition to illuminating the appearance, bronze mirrors also have the role of exorcising evil and suppressing evil.

Han-style Ding: A large number of cooking, eating and toilet utensils were unearthed from the tomb of the King of Nanyue. They have cultural characteristics such as Qin, Han, Yue and Chu, showing the luxurious life of the tomb owner with bells ringing, dinning food, singing, music and dancing.

Chu Shiding:

Yue Shi Ding:

The picture below shows a round-carved and long-sleeved jade dancer: the dancer wears a snail bun and wears Han clothes to perform a long-sleeved dance. This dance is a kind of Han court dance and is popular in Chu, reflecting the cultural influence of the Han Dynasty on Nanyue State.

At this point, the trip to Guangzhou suddenly came to an end. So far, Guangzhou is one of the cities that consume the most words-three articles, nearly 20,000 words (Beijing also wrote three articles), and many scenic spots and cultural relics have been omitted.

I wanted to write everything I saw and thought as comprehensively as possible, but this would become lengthy and complicated. When I wanted to streamline it, I found that I didn't want to give up or abandon it. In the end, it became such a surging "running account". Because Guangzhou is really a diverse and colorful city!

If you insist on reading this far, it may take you an hour (reading three articles), I want to thank you sincerely. But I think you should also thank me, because I spent four days reading with my eyes and three days writing. Seven days were condensed into a one-hour "cloud trip" to Guangzhou. This kind of effort deserves some encouragement, right?

With more encouragement, I will be more motivated.

Next stop, we will go to Heshun De, Foshan. What awaits us is the charm of martial arts and the temptation of food...