There are many secret realms in Sichuan, Yunnan and Qinghai-Tibet, and Shambhala is cut off from Hengduan (1)--South of Caiyun (Yunnan)

Lead:

1. Wonders on the geographical dividing line. Wang Anshi believes that "the view of extraordinary beauty and extraordinary beauty often lies in danger and distance." This is true. China's famous mountains and rivers, world heritage sites, 5A scenic spots, and diverse ethnic groups are highly concentrated on the dividing line of the three major terrain steps. The first step, with an altitude of more than 4000 meters, is dominated by plateau-boundary: Kunlun Mountains-Qilian Mountains-Hengduan Mountains--the second step, with an altitude of 1,000 - 2,000 meters, is dominated by plateau and basin-boundary: Daxing 'anling--Taihang Mountains--Wushan--Xuefeng Mountain--The third step, below 500 meters, is dominated by plains and hills.

2. Hengduan Mountains.

There was an official named Huang Maocai in the Qing Dynasty who was sent to Xizang by Ding Baozhen, Governor of Sichuan. Looking west, he saw the rolling mountains. He couldn't help but sigh: "This is really Hengduan Mountain!" Perhaps this is the origin of the name Hengduan Mountains.

65 million years ago, the Indian plate violently collided with the Eurasian plate from south to north, lifting the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau violently and releasing pressure to the east and west ends. At the eastern end, it encountered tenacious resistance from the Yangtze Plate. Where the troops met, the earth squeezed and contracted each other, forming large-scale folds and fractures, which formed the Hengduan Mountains.

Mountains usually extend in a certain direction. We call it the direction of the mountain range. Among the many mountain ranges in my country, the number of mountains running east-west and northeast-southwest are the largest, with three groups of mountains each. The east-west-trending mountains include the Tianshan Mountains-Yinshan, Kunlun Mountains-Qinling Mountains, and Nanling groups; the northeast-southwest trending mountains include the Daxinganling Mountains-Taihang Mountains-Wushan-Xuefeng Mountains, Changbai Mountains-Wuyi Mountains, and the Taiwan Mountains. In addition to the above two types of mountain ranges running, my country also has mountain ranges running north-south, the most important representative of which is the Hengduan Mountains located in the southwest of my country. The Hengduan Mountains include seven mountain ranges running from north to south (from west to east): Boshula Ridge-Gaoligong Mountain, Tannantaweng Mountain-Nushan Mountain, Mangkang Mountain-Yunling Mountain, Shaluli Mountain, Daxue Mountain, Qionglai Mountain, Min Mountain, we call it the "Hengduan Seven Veins". It also includes six rivers flowing in parallel from north to south (from west to east): Nujiang River, Lancang River, Jinsha River, Yalong River, Dadu River, and Minjiang River, which we call the "Hengduan Six Rivers". Some scholars believe that the eastern boundary of the Hengduan Mountains is the Minshan Mountains, the western boundary is the Boshula Riding-Gaoligong Mountains, the southern boundary is the Baoshan-Dali-Lijiang-Xichang line, and the northern boundary is the Shiqu-Ruoergai line.

The Hengduan Mountains is one of the areas with the most concentrated secret realms.

World heritage sites include: Emei Mountain in the remnant of Qionglai Mountain, Dujiangyan where the Minjiang River rises, Qingcheng Mountain in the branch of Qionglai Mountain, Huanglong, Jiuzhaigou, Giant Panda Habitat, Ancient City of Lijiang, and Three Parallel Rivers. There are 4 of the top ten most beautiful mountains: Meili Snow Mountain, Sanshen Mountain, Gongga Mountain, and Emei Mountain. There are four of the top ten most beautiful canyons: Jinsha River Tiger Leaping Gorge, Lancang River Meili Grand Canyon, Nujiang Grand Canyon, and Dadu River Jinkou Grand Canyon. There are 2 most beautiful ancient villages and towns: Danba Tibetan Village and Dayan Ancient Town. There is one of the top ten most beautiful waterfalls: Nuorilang Waterfall. There is one most beautiful glacier: Hailuogou Glacier. There is one most beautiful forest: the Baima Snow Mountain alpine Rhododendron Forest. There is one most beautiful wetland: Zoige. There is one most beautiful grassland: the alpine grassland of western Sichuan. (For the most beautiful, refer to "China National Geographic ● Beauty Contest in China")

1. Lijiang

In the summer of 2012, I took a Sichuan Airlines flight from Chengdu and arrived at Lijiang Airport in approximately 40 minutes.

Transfer to the tourist bus to Lijiang City. The moon is full, clear and cheerful, and the wind is gentle.

Walk into Lijiang Ancient City. It was late at night, but the lights were bright and the singing and dancing were endless. Brother Liu, who was traveling with him, couldn't help but sigh: "I thought I was late, but it was still early." The journey was still a little tired, so I went to the old residence and went to bed.

The next day I went to Lashihai in the suburbs of Lijiang. Maybe it happened during the dry season. I couldn't see the plateau sea, only a wetland, and there was nothing to remember.

Returning from Lashihai to Shuhe Ancient Town, Shuhe Ancient Town is called "Shaowu" in Naxi. Because the mountain shape behind the village is like a pile of peaks, the village is named after the mountain, which means "village under the peak". It is a well-preserved important market town on the ancient tea-horse road. The ancient tea-horse road refers to a private international trade channel that exists in southwest China and uses horse gangs as the main means of transportation. It is a corridor for economic and cultural exchanges among ethnic groups in southwest China. It is divided into three major routes: Shaanxi-Gansu, Shaanxi-Kang-Tibet, and Dian-Tibet. The Dian-Tibet Tea Horse Ancient Road was formed in the late sixth century AD. It starts from Simao and Pu 'er, the main tea producing areas in Yunnan, in the south, passes through today's Dali Bai Autonomous Prefecture, Lijiang Prefecture, Shangri-La, and enters Xizang, and reaches Lhasa directly.

Shuhe Ancient Town, with Baoshan on its head and Lashi Sea on its shoulders, lives next to Dayan Ancient Town, and gurgling streams flow through the ancient town. On both sides of the stream, there are houses, taverns, guest houses, and shops with Naxi ethnic characteristics."The corridors are back and the eaves are high; each embraces the terrain and is scheming against each other." The bluestone streets, which have been trampled on by caravan gangs and pedestrians for many years, are filled with the patina of time, shining with a faint clear light. The shops here are not big, displaying a wide array of goods, shining in the eyes of tourists.

There is no hysterical music in Shuhe Ancient Town, no shouting vendors, and no groups of tour groups. Occasionally, the whining and jingling of horses and copper bells on Sifang Street can be heard. Life here is very slow and comfortable, and it looks like it will get better with just one meter of sunshine.

When the last meter of sunshine fell down the mountain, Shuhe Ancient Town was ready to sleep...

When the last ray of sunshine fell down the mountain, Dayan Ancient Town woke up...

Dayan Ancient Town is what we are accustomed to calling the Ancient City of Lijiang. Today's Lijiang City includes two parts: the ancient city and the new city. The ancient city is Dayan Ancient Town.

The meltwater from the Yulong Snow Mountain nourishes Lijiang Bazi, making it a place rich in products and distributing goods. The Naxi people living here have always regarded the Yulong Snow Mountain as a sacred mountain.

In the 15th year of Hongwu of the Ming Dynasty (1382), Ajia Ade, the governor of Tong 'an Prefecture, surrendered to the Ming Dynasty and established the Lijiang Military and Civilian Mansion. Ajia Ade was given the surname Mu by Zhu Yuanzhang and granted the title of hereditary prefect, so Lijiang was under the control of Mu's Tusi for a long time. In the 16th year of Hongwu of the Ming Dynasty (1383), Mude built the "Lijiang Military and Civilian Government Office" at the foot of the Lion Mountain. The Qing Dynasty "changed the land and returned it to the flow", abolished the Mufu Tusi, and the central government sent transferred officials to manage it. The "Mufu" we see today is a modern imitation and has no historical and cultural value.

Night fell in Dayan Ancient Town, the lanterns were lit up one after another, and people from all directions came one after another and gathered together. The ancient town slowly became lively, crowded, and boiled, reaching its climax at eight or nine o'clock at night. As the people on the street gradually left, the taverns in the ancient town were still awake. People were chatting quietly and singers were singing country tunes. I drank more and more alcohol, slowly became trance in the colorful lights, and the rhythm of the music became faster and faster, and it became more and more rock and roll. I don't know when, the singer singing the minor tune had already left, and the man with the voice of alcohol and smoke hysterically released the grief and indignation of the world...

This night was not drunk without stopping. This is the charm of Lijiang.

2. Turn

From Lijiang to Shangri-La City, all the way over mountains. The bus ride takes about 2 hours to the First Bay of the Yangtze River.

The First Bay of the Yangtze River is located between Shigu Town, Lijiang City in the northwest of Yunnan Province and Shasongbi Village in the south of Shangri-La County, with an altitude of about 1850 meters.

The Wanli Yangtze River originates from the Tanggula Mountain in Nianqing, Qinghai, is the source of the Tuotuo River, the Chumaer River in the north, and the Dangqu Xingxiu Sea in the south. The Jinsha River is the upper reaches of the Yangtze River and is called the Yangtze River after Yibin joins the Minjiang River. In the Song Dynasty, sand gold was abundant along the river."Gold was born in Lishui". Lishui was changed to Jinsha River due to the large number of gold diggers appearing in the river. After on-the-spot investigation, Xu Xiake, a geographer in the Ming Dynasty, proposed that "the source of the Yangtze River (Note: Yangtze River) must be led by Jinsha", correcting a long-standing mistake.

Folklore: The three sisters of the Nujiang River, Lancang River and Jinsha River traveled together and had a dispute halfway through. The eldest sister and second sister stubbornly walked south. Jinsha girl was determined to go to the east where the sun rose. After the ancient drum, she said goodbye to her two sisters and resolutely turned and headed east. The first bay of the Yangtze River was formed when girl Jinsha turned around.

From the map, the Jinsha River turned around in Shigu Town, ending the parallel flow of the three rivers. It crossed the Tiger Leaping Gorge in the northeast and turned south, and then came to the Yangtze River, which later became the "mother river". Otherwise, it would be like the Lancang River and the Nujiang River. Out of the border, going to Southeast Asia, and marrying foreign countries.

3. Tiger Jump

After another half hour, we arrived at the Tiger Leaping Gorge.

Tiger Leaping Gorge is located in Tiger Leaping Gorge Town, Shangri-La City. It is divided into three sections: Upper Tiger Leaping, Middle Tiger Leaping and Lower Tiger Leaping. It has a winding road of 25 kilometers. In the east is Yulong Snow Mountain and in the west is Haba Snow Mountain. The vertical height difference of the canyon is more than 3900 meters, making it one of the deepest canyons in the world.

All I watched was the tiger jump.

From the parking lot of the Tiger Leaping Gorge Visitor Center to the Jinsha River, the originally relatively open river has shrunk to about 30 meters. The unruly Jinsha River can accommodate such choke constraints. Suddenly, he became furious, and Huang Tao rolled and roared. The roar shook the sky. There is a reef in the center of the river, which feels like a lump in the throat. The originally violent river water hit the reef and flew into the sky several meters. Water splashed everywhere and water vapor evaporated, which was thrilling. It is said that someone saw a tiger jumping from the other side of the river onto a reef in the river, and then jumping across the river, so they called this canyon the "Tiger Leaping Gorge".

Yao Maoshu, a late citizen of our city (Leshan City), was known in history as the "first drift of the Yangtze River in thousands of miles." He drifted about 1270 kilometers along the Jinsha River. On July 24, 1985, he was killed and died in the Tiger Leaping Gorge. In the end, he failed to fulfill his long-cherished wish to drift the Yangtze River. It is said that he waited for several days in Shigu Town, and finally couldn't bear his temper and took the risk of drifting, which caused such a tragedy. Watching the Tiger Leaping Over the Gorge today, I couldn't help but sigh with emotion. People are ultimately extremely insignificant in front of nature.

Opposite the canyon, there is a small path that twists and turns along with the mountainous terrain. This is the ancient tea-horse ancient road.

Looking up, the mountains are steep and the rocks are jagged and towering like clouds. In the clouds and fog, there is a conical snow peak that appears and disappears from time to time. It is mysterious and unpredictable. This is Haba Snow Mountain. As the saying goes,"Look across the ridge and form a peak, with different heights and heights." The Haba Snow Mountain Tiger Leaping Gorge has a steep side, but the other side is very gentle, allowing beginner climbers to practice.

Vehicles are driving in the canyon, with high mountains and narrow valleys. Occasionally, rocks and rocks fall and pile up on the roadside, which is really creepy.

3. Diqing

At the beginning of the 20th century, American explorer Joseph Locke visited the Hengduan Mountains in southwest China in depth. He was shocked by the snowy mountains, forests, grasslands, lakes, rivers, pastures and folk customs in front of him. He published his writings in the National Geographic Magazine of the United States. Articles and photos taken called it the Buddhist Pure Land "Shambhala". In 1933, based on Locke's description, James Hilton described for the first time a place of eternal peace and tranquility "Shangri-La" far away in the mountains of the east in his novel "The Lost Horizon". During the Second World War, people in war longed for a peaceful and peaceful life and yearned for the world of "Shangri-La", which spread throughout the world.

Driven by the rapid development of tourism, Diqing Prefecture, Yunnan Province announced that they had found Hilton's "Shangri-La", which is Diqing Prefecture. In 2001, Diqing Prefecture changed its name to Shangri-La City and has become famous since then.

Lasongzanlin Temple is located not far from the city. It is the largest Tibetan Buddhist temple community in Yunnan and the center of Yellow Religion in Sichuan and Yunnan. The temple is built against a mountain and looks like an ancient castle. It integrates Tibetan plastic art and is known as the "Tibetan Art Museum".

Pudacuo National Forest Park is the most representative attraction in Shangri-La City.

At 6 o'clock in the morning, when the lights were dark and the cold was chilly, we took a tourist bus to the Pudacuo Visitor Center. I stayed at the clothes rental shop for some time on the way, and then continued driving. The sky is getting brighter, and the grassland along the road is dotted with beautiful Tibetan houses. The cattle and sheep are still in the pen. There is a layer of mist on the green grassland.

It is very convenient to take a shuttle bus from the Pudacuo Visitor Center. There are stops along the way.

The first stop was to Shudu Lake. The capital lake is 3705 meters above sea level and has a water area of 15 square kilometers. The lake surface is open and surrounded by mountains. The lake water is dark blue and pure. A walking path has been built along the lake. It is made of solid wood and feels comfortable. Strolling by the lake, sometimes the lake breeze is facing you, sometimes squirrels are flying across, sometimes umbrella mushrooms appear, sometimes shuttle through the forest, sometimes pass through the grassland, sometimes encounter cuckoo... It was dizzying and surprising. The green and straight mountains are cold and pine, the mountain grassland full of wild flowers complements the cold and open Yudu Lake; there are also the crisp and pleasant chirps of mountain birds from time to time, and the white and brown horses on the lakeside grassland leisurely eating weeds. Nature arranged such a suitable match and created a miracle. At an altitude of 3705 meters, walking by the lake, there is no altitude sickness or shortness of breath. Instead, the mood is happy, as if it is full of oxygen energy. Is there really an altitude of 3705 meters? To this day I still doubt it.

Where the second stop went was already unclear, and Bitahai missed it. I returned to the visitor center at noon and walked all the way to the alpine and meadow scenery. For people like me, who was coming into contact with this kind of scenery for the first time, I was full of joy and forgot to return. Unfortunately, I had to return.

In the 8th century AD, the ancestors of the Bai people established the Nanzhao State in the Erhai area. Nanzhao State made good friends with the Tang Dynasty and unified the Six Zhao Dynasties with the support of the Tang Dynasty (the so-called Zhao refers to tribes). After the fall of Nanzhao, three short-lived dynasties appeared in the Erhai area. After Duan Siping, the founding monarch of Dali State, established political power, he implemented new policies, reformed the old governance, and implemented etiquette governance. He took the name of the country "Dali", which means to greatly regulate relations in all aspects to adapt to the development of production. Dali Kingdom has a total of 22 generations of rulers, lasting 316 years. Dali has long been the political, economic and cultural center of Yunnan. It was not until the Yuan Dynasty that the Yuan government set the capital of Yunnan Province in Kunming that Kunming gradually replaced Dali.

Dali, the greater the expectations, the greater the disappointment.

The beauty of Dali is all in this mantra: "Shangguan flowers, Xiaguuan wind, Cangshan snow, Erhai moon."

There are no flowers in Shangguan. Butterfly Spring is in Shangguan, Dali. I thought I would see iris flowers in Butterfly Spring, but unfortunately there were no iris flowers. Maybe, it's like having no wife in a wife cake.

Xiaguan seemed to be at the wind outlet. When we arrived at Xiaguan in the evening, the wind kept blowing, and we didn't know when it would stop. The Torch Festival was approaching, and there were many villagers selling wood torches on the street, which gave a festive atmosphere.

At the beginning of August, in midsummer, it is very cool at night in Dali. If there is any more wind from Xiaguan, the human body will feel more comfortable. Unfortunately, there is absolutely no snow in Cangshan Mountain. The deep blue mountains surround the Erhai Lake and echo each other. With mountains and water, there is a style.

Although Erhai Lake ranks last among the "Four Scenes of Dali", it is definitely the protagonist of Dali. The lake area is about 246 square kilometers and the water storage capacity is about 2.95 billion cubic meters. It is in a long and narrow shape. It starts from the southern tip of Eryuan County in the north and ends at Xiaguan, Dali City in the south. It is 40 kilometers long from north to south. It is the second largest lake in Yunnan after Dianchi Lake, and ranks seventh among freshwater lakes in China, with an altitude of 1972 meters. We took a boat from Shangguan to Xiaguan to visit the Erhai Lake. We watched the Erhai Lake from the lake. The vast smoke and waves were vast and it really felt like the sea. The blue sky is as washed, the Cangshan Mountain is as picturesque, the Erhai Lake is as jade, and the climate is cheerful, making people feel comfortable.

A friend said that when he came to the Erhai Lake a few years ago, the lake water was clear and the water and grass in the lake were clearly visible. Now when he sees the Erhai Lake, the lake water is blue and black, with a faint stench, and seems to be severely polluted, I am quite disappointed. The rapid development of tourism in Dali has brought huge wealth to Dali, but environmental pollution has also become serious, and the Erhai Lake is no longer a scenic spot.

I visited the Erhai Lake in early August 2012. I took this as a reminder to observe the effectiveness of governance.

Chongsheng Temple faces Erhai Lake in the east and Cangshan Mountain in the west. It is the "Tianlong Temple" in Jin Yong's novel "Eight Parts of the Dragon". It is a royal temple of Dali Kingdom and the place where the ruler of Dali Kingdom became a monk and retired. It has an important historical position in Dali. Although the temple has a long history, the ancient buildings are almost completely destroyed, and only the three towers remain. The three towers of Chongsheng Temple in Dali were built during the Kaiyuan period of Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty. The large tower is named Chihiro Tower. It has a height of 69.13 meters and a bottom of 9.9 meters. It has 16 levels. It is a typical hollow square brick tower with dense eaves type in Dali. The north and south towers are both ten-level and 42.17 meters high. They are octagonal hollow brick towers with dense eaves. The three towers are integrated into one and have two wings, echoing each other. They are mixed and exquisite. They are really "better than the three towers of landmarks, and the secret ghost works of floating pictures."

I returned to Lijiang from Dali, and then took a Sichuan Airlines plane from Lijiang back to Chengdu. After traveling for a week, I learned a lot, so I remembered it.