★ Travel location: Shanghai Pudong Oriental Geological Science Museum

Glass is not rare in our lives, but the output of natural glass is relatively small. Natural glass has better polarization, and most of it is used as raw materials for semi-precious stones and craft carving.

Fluorite is also seen downstairs, it is the most colorful stone, almost can show any color, so it is also known as the rainbow gem. Its hardness is only 4, so it is relatively less used as jewelry.

Phyllozeolite is a relatively rare natural fibrous sodium potassium calcium aluminosilicate mineral, belonging to the zeolite class, which generally exists in the volcanic ash rock intervoids with hair-like fragile fibers. It is the richest mineral in the content of metallic elements, specifically good thermal stability and the ability to absorb water vapor.

Rhombosite is a more beautiful carbonate mineral, showing a delicate pink, people regard it as the most beneficial soul and interpersonal relationship of the gem, transparent rhombosite can be used as gems and decorative materials, but because of the hardness of only 3.5-4.5, in jewelry is not widely used.

The color of olivine is more special, it is bright olive green, known as the birthday stone of August, symbolizing success, peace and good luck. Its hardness can reach 6.5-7, and it is often used as a raw material for jewelry.

Opal is a more popular gemstone, its Rasi meaning is "gem in the beauty of one", there are three types of albumin, black opal and fire opal, the color is very rich, gray, black, white, brown, pink, orange, blue, green, colorless and so on. Unlike most gemstones, it is amorphous and cracks due to water loss, which is a gemstone with a color-changing effect.

Chicken blood stone is a relatively precious stone, hardness is only 2.57, commonly used to carve. It is composed of pink cinnabar and rock symbiosis, cinnabar powder content is more bright red block, cinnabar is less red is filamentous.

Tianhe stone is a common mineral, produced in volcanic rocks, belongs to one of the feldspar minerals, also known as Amazon stone, blue and blue-green, translucent to slightly transparent, some you jade.

Hetian green jade is distributed in the Kunlun Mountains in Xinjiang, and is the most abundant kind of Hetian jade. Hetian green jade in Hetian jade is the highest hardness, the jade is delicate and warm, jade color is deep, the ancient jade seal is made of green jade material. Thirteen of the 25 square treasure seals of the Qing Dynasty were made of green jade, so jade experts called the Hotan green jade "the jade of the emperor".

Qinghai jade is produced in Qinghai, the color is white or light gray with green markings, translucent, jade quality is more delicate, blue and white jade, green jade is more precious.

Jadeite belongs to jadeite, is a relatively rare variety in the pyroxene group, hardness is relatively high, can reach 7, but toughness is not as good as nephrite. Pure jadeite is colorless or white, containing impurities can show different colors, more of a variety of green, as well as brown, red, orange, lavender, purple. Among them, green can be divided into emerald, apple green, onion green, spinach green, oil green, gray green and so on. East Asia, Southeast Asia are more partial to jade, the history of the Empress Dowager Cixi is very fond of jade, her tomb has a number of jade products.

Moonstone is a layered interactive gem mineral of feldspar and albiase, colorless, white, light yellow, orange, light brown, blue gray or green, transparent or translucent, with a special moonlight effect, a slight difference in refractive index can scatter visible light, produce a blue floating light on the surface, very beautiful.

Tianhuangshi is a treasure in Shoushan stone and a treasure in seal stone. During the Qing Dynasty, the governor of Fujian carved three consecutive chapters with a single piece of superior field yellow, which won the favor of Emperor Qianlong. After the fall of the Qing Dynasty, Puyi also sewed the three consecutive chapters into a cotton-padded jacket.

Topaz, also known as topaz, although there is a jade word in the name, it is actually a mineral crystal, the color is not only yellow, but also colorless, brown, cocoon, pink, red, light green, brown, etc., the hardness is relatively high, can reach 8. Of course, since it is called yellow, since the deep yellow is the most precious.

Epidote is less well known, but when it comes to its other name, Tanzanite, it has become very popular in the gemstone market in recent years. This kind of ore because of the amount of iron and show a different green, occasionally yellow and black, green, dark blue and other colors for the best.

Diamond Needless to say, this is the king of gemstones, with the highest hardness, Mohs hardness of 10. Don't look at the hardness of corundum is only a grade, in fact, from the absolute hardness of diamonds but ruby 150 times it! There are not many natural diamonds, and even fewer can be called diamonds. The largest diamond in the world is the Cullinan, found in South Africa in 1905 and weighing 3,106 carats. Of course, the more famous diamond is

Color diamonds, in fact, also contain different kinds of impurities to show such a rich color, but because rare and rare.

In addition to gem minerals, there are a variety of symbiotic minerals, which are also more interesting collections. Looking at a piece of ore with three or four kinds of minerals, you can clearly distinguish their species.

The light on the second floor is a little dark, except for the gems in the window, which will be illuminated, and some ores along the railing need to be close to watch. Of course, the reason why gemstones can be called gemstones is definitely more beautiful than ordinary ores. But beautiful as red sapphire, the original mine looks very inconspicuous.