The "Eight Scenes in Guanzhong" was engraved in the 19th year of Kangxi of the Qing Dynasty (1680). The stele has a round head and a square seat, with a height of 283 centimeters and a width of 85 centimeters. The "Eight Scenes in Guanzhong" is divided into 18 columns. The seal script "Eight Scenes in Guanzhong" is inscribed horizontally in the horizontal column above the head of the monument from right to left, written by Feng Xiu; the lower 16 columns are all matched with one article and one picture, respectively, including Huayue Xianzhang, Late Photo on Lishan Mountain, Snow on Balu, Flowing Drinking in Qujiang, Morning Bell in Yanta, Ancient Crossing in Xianyang, Smoke in Cottage, Snow on Taibai. The inscription is written by Zhu Jiyi and a poem. The bottom column contains the inscription and seal of King Bao of Zhou. This stele is engraved by Gao Junzhao, carved by Yang Yupu, and erected by Jin Wenyu and Zhao Bin. The calligraphy of this monument is beautiful, the structure is beautiful, and the carving is also smooth. It basically carves the charm of calligraphy, the weight is moderate, and the knife skills are gentle, appropriate, neat and meticulous. It can be said to be a superb masterpiece. The carving skills of this stele are also very excellent, especially the handling of the light, heavy and real reality, which gives the picture a very layered feeling. The overall text and pictures are arranged appropriately in density, and the poetry and painting are integrated, making it very interesting.
Eight Scenery Map of Guanzhong
During the Ming and Qing Dynasties, many areas formed customs with general landscapes as regional characteristics, focusing on the combination of natural scenery and cultural monuments. What is depicted in the "Eight Scenes of Guanzhong" is the regional label created by Guanzhong people in natural scenery, myths and legends and historical memories.
"Eight Scenes in Guanzhong" are eight scenic spots located in the hinterland of Guanzhong, Shaanxi. In this stele, Zhu Jiyi centered on Chang 'an and arranged the "eight scenic spots" in geographical order from east to west. The term "eight scenic spots" has been established in Guanzhong since the Qing Dynasty, but the order is slightly different. A poem says: "Hua Yue Xian looks at Xiaohan in his palm, and the morning bell rings in the south of the Yanta. Li Mountain shines brightly on Qin in the evening, and the Qujiang River flows around Chang 'an. The wind and snow in the willow are warm in spring three days, and the snow is too white and the weather is cold in June. The smoke of the thatched cottage is closely connected, and Xianyang has been ancient for thousands of years."
Legend has it that when heaven and earth were in chaos, mountains and seas were connected. Qin Honghai, the giant spirit god, felt sorry for the suffering of water disasters for a long time. He pushed Huashan Mountain with his hands and stepped on the Zhongtiao Mountain with his feet, breaking it apart, allowing the river to flow eastward without hindrance. However, he left his palm print on the east peak of Huashan Mountain in the Xiyue Mountains, forming the scenic scene of "Huayue Immortal Palm".
Eight Scenery Map of Guanzhong
Lishan Mountain is the former residence of the "Three Emperors" in ancient legends. In history, there is also a story here where King You of Zhou fought against the princes to win the smile of the beauty Baosi. At the foot of the mountain, there is a hot spring of Huaqing Palace where Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty and Imperial Consort Yang bathed together. Lishan Mountain is winding and has beautiful scenery. Especially in late autumn, the red maple and red leaves all over the mountain are even more beautiful in the sunset. Diao Bai, a poet in the Yuan Dynasty, once praised: "The Wei River is white in autumn, and the Li Mountain shines red in the evening." ("Weishui")
The Ba River flows under the White Deer Plain in the east of Chang 'an. In Li Bai's poem, the tone of parting has already been set for the Ba River: "Send you to the Baling Pavilion, the Ba River flows vast. There are ancient trees without flowers above and sad spring grass below. I asked the Qin people for directions and said it was the ancient road Wang Can climbed south." ("Farewell to Baling") When the ancients bid farewell, they expressed their feelings of parting by giving them a broken willow. It can be seen from the records in "Sanfu Huang Tu":"Baqiao is located in the east of Chang 'an, crossing the water to build a bridge. The Han people sent their guests to this bridge and cut off willows to present farewell." There is also a record in the "Shaanxi General Chronicles": On both sides of Baqiao,"building embankments for five miles, planting thousands of willows, and tourists beating them on their shoulders, is the spectacular sight of Chang 'an." On both sides of the Ba River, green willows droop. Especially in late spring, catkins dance in the wind, like snow falling all over the sky. Love is better than scenery, as Zhu Jiyi, the governor of Hedong, wrote: "The ancient bridge and stone road are half-tilted, and the willows are green and close to the eyebrows. The shallow water and flat sand are deeply hated by guests, and the light and flying catkins want to write poems."
Qujiangchi is located in the southeast of Chang 'an City in the Tang Dynasty. The pavilions and pavilions by the pool are well arranged, and the pool water is surrounded by green shades. They are a model of Chang 'an gardens in the Tang Dynasty. "Qujiang Liuyin" means that every time a new scholar passes the exam, the court will give a banquet in Qujiang. It is said that at the banquet, Jinshi placed cups on the winding water, and those who flowed in front of them held cups and drank, which became a temporary event.
Eight Scenery Map of Guanzhong
"Morning Bell of Wild Goose Pagoda" refers to the ancient bells in the Xiaoyan Pagoda and the Bell Tower of Jianfu Temple built during the Jinglong Period of the Tang Dynasty. The Xiaoyan Pagoda is located in Jianfu Temple, which was built in the first year of Tang Civilization (684). When it was first built, it had 15 floors. Affected by the earthquake during the Jiajing period of the Ming Dynasty, the top of the pagoda collapsed, leaving only 13 floors left today. Jianfu Temple was originally named "Xianfu Temple". It was originally built by Ruizong Li Dan to offer blessings to his father, Gaozong Li Zhi, after the death of his father. In its bell tower, there is now a large iron bell cast in the third year of Jin Mingchang (1192). This bell originally belonged to the Chongjiao Temple in Wuting District, Qianzhou, Jingzhaofu Road, Shaanxi Province. It was lost at the bottom of the river due to the diversion of the Weihe River and the destruction of the temple. After being seen again during the Kangxi period of the Qing Dynasty, it was placed in the Bell Tower of Jianfu Temple. In the early morning, the bell rang loudly under the towering Wild Goose Pagoda, conveying the beauty of blessing and longing to relatives in the distance.
The ancient city of Xianyang faces Xi'an across the Wei River. Its ancient ferry was the former site of the Xiwei Bridge (Bianmen Bridge) in the Han and Tang Dynasties. After the bridge was destroyed, boats were used as a bridge and the road led to Longshu, making it the first Dadukou in Guanzhong. There are many camel caravans, carriages, merchants and tourists passing by here, and countless parting feelings have also been witnessed. When Li Shangyin of the Tang Dynasty went to Sichuan to take up his post, he bid farewell to his friend Han Zhan of the same year: "Beijing and Yongshu are three thousand miles away, and sent to Xianyang to see the sunset." ("The same year in Zitong to bid farewell to the Honourable Member") Wang Wei was also here to bid farewell to his good friend Yuan Er's mission to Anxi: "Weicheng is rainy and dusty, and the guest house is green and green and willows are new. I advise you to drink another cup of wine and leave Yangguan in the west without any friends." ("Send the Second Envoy of the Yuan Dynasty to Anxi")
Caotang Temple in Hu County is located at the foot of Zhongnan Mountain in the south of Chang 'an. In the south, there are many famous peaks such as Guifeng and Guanyin Mountain. Caotang Temple was once the first national scripture translation venue after Buddhism was introduced to China. It houses the stupa of Kumaroshi, the famous eminent monk during the Sixteen Kingdoms period, and also stands the famous Monument of Zen Master Guifeng Dinghui. Smoke often overflows from the ancient well in the north courtyard of the temple, forming a strange scene covered by clouds and fog. It hangs over the thousand-year-old temple with towering pines and cypresses and lush bamboos, creating a quiet and far-reaching artistic conception.
Taibai Mountain is located at the intersection of Mei County, Taibai County and Zhouzhi County in Shaanxi Province. It is the main peak of the Qinling Mountains. Its highest point is Sendai, with an altitude of 3767 meters. Li Daoyuan of the Northern Wei Dynasty called it "snow in winter and summer, making it look bright." "Ming Yi Zhi" also records that "the mountains are extremely high, there is always snow on them, and the scenery is bright." Regarding such an ice and snow holy land, Zhu Jiyi wrote a poem praising: "The jade chips at the top of Baiyu Mountain are cold, and the pine wind blows upward and opens. Where is the high monk lying deep in the clouds? It's cold here in May."
(Originally published in "Nine hundred years of vicissitudes: A picture of Xi'an Stele Forest" Northwest University Press)
Source: Xi'an Forest of Steles Museum
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